Step 1: Stаte the mоrаl prоblem аs precisely as pоssible 1. What is the problem? 2. Who has to act? 3. What is the moral nature of the problem? Step 2: Describe the relevant elements of the moral problem 1. Who are the stakeholders and what are their interests? 2. What moral values are relevant? 3. What are relevant facts? Step 3: What are my options for action? 1. Black-and-white strategy 2. Cooperation and Learning about alternatives 3. Whistle-blowing Step 4: Ethical Evaluation 1. Informal: Common Sense approach weights values against options for actions 2. Formal: Ethical frameworks a. Utilitarianism b. Deontology (Duty Ethics/Kantian Theory) c. Virtue Ethics d. Care Ethics e. Other? Step 5a: Reflection 1. What are good arguments for and against my moral judgments? 2. Which moral principles are considered? 3. Which theory supports my moral judgement and what is a criticism? Step 5b: Further Reflections 1. Does an ethical framework provide reasons that support my intuitive opinion? If not, do I have other reasons that support my intuitive opinion? If I have other reasons, are they strong enough to override the reasons within the ethical framework? If not, do I have to revise my intuitive opinion and in what way? 2. Does an ethical framework succeed in selecting those features of situations that are morally relevant? Are there any other moral relevant features that are not covered? Why are these relevant and how could they be accounted for e moral problem 1. Who are the stakeholders and what are their interests? 2. What moral values are relevant? 3. What are relevant facts? Step 3: What are my options for action? 1. Black-and-white strategy 2. Cooperation and Learning about alternatives 3. Whistle-blowing Step 4: Ethical Evaluation 1. Informal: Common Sense approach weights values against options for actions 2. Formal: Ethical frameworks a. Utilitarianism b. Deontology (Duty Ethics/Kantian Theory) c. Virtue Ethics d. Care Ethics e. Other? Step 5a: Reflection 1. What are good arguments for and against my moral judgments? 2. Which moral principles are considered? 3. Which theory supports my moral judgement and what is a criticism? Step 5b: Further Reflections 1. Does an ethical framework provide reasons that support my intuitive opinion? If not, do I have other reasons that support my intuitive opinion? If I have other reasons, are they strong enough to override the reasons within the ethical framework? If not, do I have to revise my intuitive opinion and in what way? 2. Does an ethical framework succeed in selecting those features of situations that are morally relevant? Are there any other moral relevant features that are not covered? Why are these relevant and how could they be accounted for
An IT system cоnsists оf grоups of computer hаrdwаre, vаrious I/O devices, and application and system software, connected together by networks