Hunter-Gаtherers аnd the Pаleо Diet [A] Until agriculture was develоped arоund 10,000 years ago, all humans got their food by hunting, gathering, and fishing. As farming began, the numbers of nomadic hunter-gatherers diminished as they were pushed off farmland. Eventually, they became limited to the forests of the Amazon, the grasslands of Africa, the remote islands of Southeast Asia, and the tundra of the Arctic. Today, only a few scattered tribes of hunter-gatherers remain on the planet and scientists are hoping to learn what they can about ancient diets before they disappear. [B] So far, studies of tribes like the Tsimane in Bolivia, Arctic Inuit, and the Hadza people of Tanzania have found that these peoples traditionally don’t develop high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, or cardiovascular disease. “A lot of people believe there is discordance between what we eat today and what our ancestors evolved to eat,” says paleoanthropologist Peter Ungar. The idea that we’re trapped in Stone Age bodies in a fast-food world has resulted in the current enthusiasm for Paleolithic diets. The popularity of these so-called Stone Age diets is based on the idea that modern humans evolved to eat the way hunter-gatherers did during the Paleolithic period – the period from about 2.6 million years ago to the start of the agricultural revolution – and our genes haven’t had time to adapt to farmed foods. In other words, we can’t digest them properly. [C] A Stone Age diet “is the one and only diet that ideally fits our genetic makeup,” writes Loren Cordain, an evolutionary nutritionist. Cordain studied the diets of living hunter-gatherers. He came up with his own Paleo prescription: Eat plenty of lean meat and fish but not dairy products, beans, or cereal grain because these foods were introduced into our diet after the invention of cooking and agriculture. Paleo-diet advocates like Cordain say that if we eat only the foods our hunter-gatherer ancestors once ate, we can avoid the diseases of civilization, such as heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, cancer, and even acne. [D] However, many paleontologists studying the fossils of our ancestors and anthropologists studying the diets of indigenous people point out that the real Paleolithic diet wasn’t all meat. Hunter-gatherers around the world usually get around 30 percent of their annual calories from animals. But most also have times when they eat less than a handful of meat each week. Year-round observations show that hunter-gatherers often do not have success as hunters. The Hadza and Kung bushmen of Africa, for example, fail to get meat more than half the time when they hunt. In fact, no one eats meat all that often except in the Arctic, where Inuit and other groups traditionally got as much as 99 percent of their calories from seals, narwhals, and fish. [E] So how do hunter-gatherers get energy when there’s no meat? Well, “man the hunter” is helped by “woman the gatherer,” who provides more calories during difficult times. When meat, fruit, or honey is not available, hunter-gatherers rely on plants and nuts, which are also integral to their diet. For example, the Hadza get almost 70 percent of their calories from plants. [F] Many paleoanthropologists say that the modern Paleolithic diet’s focus on meat doesn’t reproduce the diversity of foods that our ancestors ate or take into account the active lifestyles that protected them from heart disease and diabetes. “What bothers a lot of paleoanthropologists is that we actually didn’t have just one caveman diet,” says Leslie Aiello, president of the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research. “The human diet goes back at least two million years. We had a lot of cavemen out there.” [G] In other words, there is no one ideal human diet. Aiello and others agree that being human isn’t about our taste for meat but our ability to adapt to many habitats, and to combine different foods to create many healthy diets. In the last sentence of paragraph B, what does them refer to?
Explаin hоw the Wife оf Bаth's prоlogue (which detаils her life) aligns with the tale she tells (about the rapist knight). What key idea connects the two? How so? Be specific. Reminders: Use ONLY your brain, your notes, the texts, and study aids I have posted. Do NOT plagiarize or cheat, using the Internet, AI, or another classmate or anyone else for that matter. Doing so WILL result in an automatic ZERO for the test and a report to the Vice-President of Student Services and a possible F in the course. There are twelve short answer questions, BUT you choose the EIGHT you want to respond to. Answers NOT written in complete sentences will earn no more than half credit. Show me what you know and think. Make no assumptions about what I think you know or think. Provide more information and ideas than you think you need. Answering all twelve will NOT earn you extra credit. You may receive partial credit for your responses. Although this is not a composition class, it is still an English class, so use your best standard English skills.
Hоw dоes Sir Gаwаin аnd the Green Knight reflect Jоseph Campbell’s ideas about the hero’s quest? Provide specific details to develop your response. Reminders: Use ONLY your brain, your notes, the texts, and study aids I have posted. Do NOT plagiarize or cheat, using the Internet, AI, or another classmate or anyone else for that matter. Doing so WILL result in an automatic ZERO for the test and a report to the Vice-President of Student Services and a possible F in the course. There are twelve short answer questions, BUT you choose the EIGHT you want to respond to. Answers NOT written in complete sentences will earn no more than half credit. Show me what you know and think. Make no assumptions about what I think you know or think. Provide more information and ideas than you think you need. Answering all twelve will NOT earn you extra credit. You may receive partial credit for your responses. Although this is not a composition class, it is still an English class, so use your best standard English skills.