The Rоbust n. Archоpаllium (RA) аreа оf bird brains is roughly equivalent to primary motor cortex in humans. It receives inputs from the HVC and the lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior neostriatum (LMAN) that contribute to distinct aspects of song production. Consider the contributions of these inputs to RA activity and singing behavior by addressing the following questions: (5 pts) How is birdsong encoded by the activity of individual neurons in RA? How would inactivation or damage to RA affect a bird's ability to learn or generate a good song? (5 pts) What are the behavioral effects of silencing/inhibiting LMAN in juvenile birds, and what does this suggest about the role of LMAN inputs to RA? What would you expect to be happening to the activity of RA neurons during song when LMAN is silenced, and why? (5 pts) What are the behavioral effects of slowing down (via cooling) activity in HVC in adult birds, and what does this suggest about the role of HVC inputs to RA? What would you expect to happen to the activity of RA neurons during song when HVC is cooled, and why? (5 pts) What are the behavioral effects of inhibiting activity (via GABA receptor agonism) in HVC in adult birds, and what does this suggest about the role of HVC inputs to RA? What would you expect to happen to the activity of RA neurons during song when HVC is inhibited, and why?
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