There аre mаny miscоnceptiоns аbоut breast cancer and its causes. In the late 1990s, rumors suggested that antiperspirants cause breast cancer. Even today, some retail sources continue to offer alternative underarm hygiene products that claim to reduce the risk of breast cancer. One viral e-mail claimed that by blocking perspiration, antiperspirants prevent the body from purging toxins, instead forcing the body to store the toxins in lymph nodes in the underarm area near breast tissue. The e-mail stated that men were less likely to develop breast cancer from antiperspirants because their underarm hair trapped most of the product away from direct contact with skin. And as men are less likely to shave their underarms, they are less likely to have shaving nicks through which antiperspirants can enter the body.Read the abstracts of the two articles for which URLs are provided below. Darbre, 2005: http://is.gd/pPLxwZ Darbre et al., 2004: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14745841 From reading only the abstracts name two components of underarm deodorants and antiperspirants that have been identified as possible culprits in causing breast cancer. Possible culprits in causing breast cancer: 1. 2. Briefly comment on one strength and one weakness for each of the studies (consider sample size, control groups, and overall study design). 2005 Aluminum study 2004 Parabens study Strength: Weakness: Based on what you read in the abstracts do you think that use of antiperspirants or deodorants, or both, is a consistent risk factor for breast cancer? Has your opinion about underarm hygiene changed? Explain how and why your opinion has either changed or remained consistent, referring to the abstracts that you have reviewed.
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Directiоns: Lооk bаck аt the reаding to answer the following question. El Sistema-Changing Education and Communities 1 Education is about learning math, science, and history, right? Perhaps, but one man in Venezuela is sure that education is about a lot more than that. 2 Dr. Jose Abreu sees education as a way out of poverty for children and a way to change communities. He thinks this is all possible through music education. In 1975, Dr. Abreu began El Sistema (Spanish for The System), a program that provides an education in classical music to the young people of Venezuela, even those who live in the poorest communities. 3 Dr. Abreu wanted the children to have the opportunity to learn classical music, but he also wanted them to learn about personal responsibility, the importance of hard work, and working effectively in a group. He wanted to include families and communities in order to provide support for young musicians. Today, more than 300,000 young people are participating in El Sistema. The program has been so successful that it is now expanding rapidly. Programs based on this approach have been launched in locations all over the world and now reach almost 2 million young people. 4 This success made scholars wonder how broad its impact might be. In other words, they wanted to know if the program has impact beyond the development of the children’s musical abilities. Several studies of music education have found that it can have a range of positive effects. One study found that studying music “enhances child development, providing intellectual and emotional benefits that last a lifetime.” This effect was particularly strong among children who play a musical instrument. 5 In general, music education is associated with higher academic performance, both in math and in reading. One evaluation found that the program promoted students’ cognitive, personal, and social skills, in addition to their musical skills. It improved their memory, attention, and confidence. Students in the El Sistema program did better in school than students who were not in the program. They were also far more likely to stay in school until graduation. 6 One aspect of these research findings is particularly important. In poor countries or in poor areas of a country, there is often not a lot of money for education, particularly for music education. Perhaps the government feels that music education is optional and the children should concentrate on their studies in math, language, and science instead. However, it is exactly these poor children who could get the greatest benefit from a music education program like El Sistema. Choose two items below to complete the sentence: Music education can have a positive effect on academic performance by improving _________ and __________.