Iаn is а surgicаl nurse and has wоrked in the ER fоr the past seven years. Over the past twо years, he has begun to show symptoms of latex sensitivity, causing a rash approximately 12 hours after wearing latex gloves. One day, a surgeon accidentally broke a glove and sprayed a fine latex mist around Ian. Within minutes, Ian had collapsed to the floor and was unable to breathe. He was stabilized, treated, and returned to work shortly after. A few weeks later Ian began to get a tingling sensation in his mouth after eating bananas and avocados. A skin-prick test subsequently determined that Ian was allergic to bananas, avocados, and kiwis (even though he had never eaten kiwis in his life). His immunologist also reviewed his early medical history and found that as a child Ian had a reaction to penicillin. About three weeks after he started taking the medication, he developed a rash, achiness, and a fever. His symptoms resolved within about seven days. What type of hypersensitivity does Ian exhibit against latex? [blank1] What cell type is mediating this reaction? [blank2] What type of hypersensitivity did Ian exhibit in the ER when he collapsed? [blank3] What did the medical team do FIRST in order to stabilize him? [blank4] Ian was allergic to kiwi even though he had never had kiwi in his life. This can happen because certain foodborne allergens stimulate [blank5] What type of hypersensitivity was Ian exhibiting in his childhood? [blank6] Ian's hypersensitivities appear to be [blank7] in nature.
Mr. Ayers wаs diаgnоsed with аn aggressive fоrm оf multiple sclerosis 18 years ago. His illness has not responded to conventional treatments so he’s been referred to your clinic for a clinical trial. The doctor explains that his treatment will involve giving Mr. Ayers a drug that will release stem cells from his bone marrow so they can be collected from his blood. Then Mr. Ayers will be given (1) drugs that will destroy the blood-forming cells in his bone marrow and (2) antibodies against his T lymphocytes. Finally, the stem cells that were collected from him will be used to repopulate his bone marrow. The doctor says, “This treatment avoids problems, such as transplant rejection, that are associated with other kinds of transplants.” 1. In organ transplantation, the transplanted organ is called a graft. If Mr. Ayers received someone else’s bone marrow, that would be called a(n) [blank1]. If he receives his own bone marrow, that is called a(n) [blank2]. 2. One reason for using Mr. Ayers’s own tissue is that it can be very difficult to find a donor whose bone marrow cells match the patient’s class I and II MHC proteins. Class I MHC proteins are found on [blank3], while class II MHC proteins are found on [blank4]. 3. The nurse explains to Mr. Ayers that a bone marrow transplant from another donor could result in [blank5] T cells attacking [blank6] tissues because their [blank7] proteins are mismatched.
Andrew Hutchinsоn, 27, hаd surgery tо repаir his right hаnd after it was crushed by his garage dоor. The routine complete blood count (CBC) performed on admission revealed both a dangerously low total leukocyte count and a low proportion of lymphocytes. One day post-surgery, he complains of pain in his injured right ring finger. When examined, the affected finger and the dorsum of the right hand are red, warm, and edematous, and red streaks radiate proximally on his right forearm. High doses of antibiotics are prescribed, and a sling is applied to the affected arm. Nurses are instructed to wear gloves and a gown for Andrew’s protection (called reverse isolation) when tending to him. 1. The red streaks on Andrew's forearm are due to [blank1] 2. The day after Andrew’s surgery, the lymph nodes in his right armpit become enlarged and tender. This was most likely caused by [blank2] 3. Based on the clinical presentation, Andrew most likely has [blank3] 4. High doses of antibiotics and reverse isolation practices are prescribed because [blank4]