What is the primary application of Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)?  

Which additional sequence can be scanned to visualize the duct wall in MRCP?                 

A 42-year-old female was referred for an MRI of the brain following episodes of epileptic falls with an unknown cause. Study the two images obtained and answer the questions that follow: Picture5 PAPER 1 2025.png 1. Identify the two sequences and planes shown in the images                                                                      [2] 2. Describe the abnormalities noted in both images pointed by arrows                                    [3]

1. Discuss the clinical considerations and protocols that must be implemented when performing MRI scans in pediatric populations compared to adults. What specific challenges should be addressed?                                                                                                                                                 [4]

What does diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) primarily measure?

Describe transverse relaxation time T2, T2* and longitudinal relaxation time T1                                                                                                               [9]Explain how an MRI image is formed during k-space reconstruction                                                                                                               [9]Use a well-labelled diagram to describe the T1-weighted Spin Echo sequence                                                                                                             [10]Use a well-labelled diagram to describe Fast (Turbo) Spin Echo and its advantages [10]Explain the echo planar image acquisition                                                                                                               [5]Describe the concept of bright and black blood during MR angiography                                                                                                               [6]Describe magnetic resonance spectroscopy                                                                                                             [10]Explain in detail what diffusion-weighted MRI is. [7]Discuss the partial volume artefact in MRI and how you would avoid it                                                                                                               [4]  

In functional MRI (fMRI) studies, what does the term BOLD refer to?

A 35-year-old female patient who is 16 weeks pregnant is referred for an MRI brain scan following repeated seizures and dizziness. Explain what precautions you would follow to ensure that the patient and the fetus are safe. [3]

The nurse is caring for a 30-year-old white man whose wife recently died. The patient has been diagnosed with clinical depression and is demonstrating insufficient coping skills with crying spells, not sleeping and not eating. Which action by the nurse would be most important?

A nurse is presenting a discussion for a local community group about suicide. Which comment from an audience member indicates the need to clarify the information about the myths associated with suicide?