1. Discuss the clinical considerations and protocols that must be implemented when performing MRI scans in pediatric populations compared to adults. What specific challenges should be addressed?                                                                                                                                                 [4]

What does diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) primarily measure?

Describe transverse relaxation time T2, T2* and longitudinal relaxation time T1                                                                                                               [9]Explain how an MRI image is formed during k-space reconstruction                                                                                                               [9]Use a well-labelled diagram to describe the T1-weighted Spin Echo sequence                                                                                                             [10]Use a well-labelled diagram to describe Fast (Turbo) Spin Echo and its advantages [10]Explain the echo planar image acquisition                                                                                                               [5]Describe the concept of bright and black blood during MR angiography                                                                                                               [6]Describe magnetic resonance spectroscopy                                                                                                             [10]Explain in detail what diffusion-weighted MRI is. [7]Discuss the partial volume artefact in MRI and how you would avoid it                                                                                                               [4]  

In functional MRI (fMRI) studies, what does the term BOLD refer to?

A 35-year-old female patient who is 16 weeks pregnant is referred for an MRI brain scan following repeated seizures and dizziness. Explain what precautions you would follow to ensure that the patient and the fetus are safe. [3]

The nurse is caring for a 30-year-old white man whose wife recently died. The patient has been diagnosed with clinical depression and is demonstrating insufficient coping skills with crying spells, not sleeping and not eating. Which action by the nurse would be most important?

A nurse is presenting a discussion for a local community group about suicide. Which comment from an audience member indicates the need to clarify the information about the myths associated with suicide?

A nurse is reviewing the discharge medication report with a patient being discharged with generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder. The nurse would explain that is a rescue treatment for severe panic attacks that should be taken sparely and is long-term treatment for anxiety and should be taken daily

A hospitalized 32-year-old female patient who has been taking an antipsychotic medication for 2 weeks begins pacing and walking throughout the unit. The patient tells the nurse that she “cannot sit still.” The nurse documents this finding as which condition?

A patient who was recently discharged from the psychiatric unit calls the unit to speak to the nurse. The patient states that she took her children to the neighbors’ house and has turned on the gas to kill herself. Which action should the nurse take next?