Source: “Just War Theory and The Russia-Ukraine War.”  Jeff McMahan According to both traditional and revisionist just war theory, it is permissible for Ukrainian soldiers to engage in violence in the collective defense of all those threatened by Russian aggression.  For a war or its continuation to be necessary, it must be the morally best means of achieving just aims, taking into account both the probability of success and the probable bad effects, both intended and unintended. The just aim of the Ukrainians is to avoid subjugation (conquest) by Russia. And it seems clear that when Russian tanks entered Ukraine and sought to encircle Kyiv, there was no alternative at all to armed resistance. It is conceivable that the Ukrainians could ultimately have maintained their political independence by engaging in mass nonviolent resistance, but that would have required years of preparation and training of the civilian population and thus was not an option when the tanks and ground forces arrived. QUESTION: 1. What reasons does this author give that Ukriane’s war against Russia is a just war? Your answer must be in your own words.  Your answer must be a minimum of 50 words.  

Source: “Just War Theory and The Russia-Ukraine War.”  Jeff McMahan There is no credible understanding of a just war according to which the Russian war against Ukraine is a just war. It is a wholly unprovoked war of aggression intended by those who initiated it – primarily Putin – to conquer Ukraine, annex its territory, and assimilate (absorb) its population. The motives of the war’s planners are various but some stand out as obvious and dominant. One is to expand the Russian empire until it is at least coextensive (equal) with its earlier boundaries under the tsars and the post-revolutionary Soviet dictators.  Many of the states that were ruled by Soviet regimes during the Cold War have been adopting more and more elements of Western culture, in particular liberalism and democracy. Ukraine was an economically flourishing democracy that Russia had repeatedly ravaged in the past – a state that would be an example, highly visible to Russians, of an appealing alternative to Putin’s tyrannical “kleptocracy.” ( a government system where leaders abuse power and use state resources for personal waelth, draining public funds for private gain.) QUESTION: 1. According to this author, what were Russia’s motives for invading and attacking Ukraine?   Your answer must be in your own words.  Your answer must be a minimum of 50 words.  

What is the primary purpose of ethical decision making in physical therapy practice?

A PTA student observes a supervising PT instructing them to provide ultrasound to a patient even though the patient reports increased pain and says they want to stop. The PTA believes continuing may cause harm but feels uncomfortable questioning the PT. The PTA’s discomfort about speaking up despite believing harm may occur is an example of:  

ELEN 2411 Quiz 3 Spring 2026 online.pdf

Which statement best describes the difference between morals and ethics?

Ethics in physical therapy practice are best defined as:

An ethical temptation involves:

(06.02 MC)Nicole and Destiny went out for lunch. Nicole paid for both of their meals. Destiny now feels obligated to complete a kind gesture for Nicole. Which concept best explains Destiny’s feelings?

(06.03 MC)Gerald was feeling guilty after eating a big piece of chocolate cake after his lunch. To alleviate his feelings, he told himself it wasn’t a big deal because he also had eaten a salad. Which defense mechanism was Gerald using?