Identify muscle B [1] Identify muscle C [2]

Name the muscle labeled 4 [1] Name the muscle labeled 6 [2]

SECTION I — MULTIPLE CHOICE (65 minutes) PART A — Interpretive Reading Text 1 — Educación y desigualdad En muchos países hispanohablantes, la educación pública sigue siendo un factor clave para reducir la desigualdad social. Sin embargo, existen desafíos como la falta de recursos, infraestructura limitada y diferencias regionales. Expertos argumentan que invertir en educación produce beneficios económicos y sociales a largo plazo, incluyendo mayor movilidad social y participación cívica. 1. ¿Cuál es la idea principal del texto?

3) (25 points)  Suppose you want to start an EEE 459 study group, complete with its own domain name (459study.net), web server, and five workstations. Suppose you have the following setup: primary authoritative DNS server with host name dns1.459study.net and IP address 45.45.59.1, secondary authoritative DNS server with host name dns2.459study.net and IP address 45.45.59.2, web server with host name www.459study.net and IP address 45.45.59.3, and workstations ws1.459study.net with IP address 45.45.59.11,ws2.459study.net with IP address 45.45.59.12,ws3.459study.net with IP address 45.45.59.13,ws4.459study.net with IP address 45.45.59.14, andws5.459study.net with IP address 45.45.59.15. a) What information will you need to give to a registrar?Where will the registrar insert this information? b) What information will you need to store on your authoritative DNS servers?

2) (30 points)  Consider a communication network with the following architecture: Host X is connected to a host Y via two communication links with transmission bit rates R1 = R bit/s and R2 = 4 R bit/s. That is, there is one router between host X and host Y.  Each communication link has a distance (length) of d meters with a propagation speed of s meters/second. The router interconnecting the communication links has unlimited buffer capacity and negligible nodal processing delay. In the following sub-problems a), b), and c), we examine the transmission of a file of size F bits with different transmission protocols over the described network architecture.  Aside from our examined transmission of the file of size F bits, there are no other traffic flows in the considered network. Drawing a labeled separate space-time diagram for each of the following parts a), b), and c) is required in order to receive credit. a) Consider message switching, i.e., the entire file is transmitted as one large packet.  How long does it take to transmit the file, i.e., to transfer the complete file from host X to host Y? b) Consider packet switching, i.e., the file is broken up into packets, each packet with P information bits, i.e., there are F/P packets (whereby we assume that F/P is an integer).  Packet header bits are negligible.  Consider packet transmission without window-based flow congestion control, i.e., the client host can send an unlimited number of packets into the network. How long does it take to transmit the file? c) Consider packet switching, i.e., the file is broken up into packets, each packet with P information bits, i.e., there are F/P packets (whereby we assume that F/P is an integer).  Packet header bits are negligible. Consider packet transmission with a window-based flow congestion control with a window size of one packet, i.e., the client host can send only one packet into the network before it has to stop to wait for an acknowledgement from the server. There are no packet losses in the network, and acknowledgements have negligible transmission delay (but incur the propagation delays).  How long does it take to transmit the file?  

4) (25 points)  Suppose you are downloading a web page consisting of a base HTML page of size B bits and 21 embedded objects, each of size E bits, using different forms of HTTP. Let RTT (in seconds) denote the round trip time between your host and the web server. Suppose that the transmission bit rate over a TCP connection is R bit/sec. a) Suppose that persistent HTTP without pipelining is used. How long does it take to download the web page? b) Suppose that persistent HTTP with pipelining is used. How long does it take todownload the web page? c) Suppose that non-persistent HTTP (without parallel connections) is used. How long does it take to download the web page? d) Suppose that non-persistent HTTP with 7 parallel connections isused.  How long does it take to download the web page?

4. (8 pts) Use a Venn diagram to shade the set

8. (7 pts) Find the truth value of the statement. Assume that p is true, and q and r are false. Show your work.  

10. (10 pts) Use (only) the truth table to determine whether each argument is valid or not. Please assign your variable to each statement you use and rewrite any statements with those symbols before you show the truth table.   Elijah likes to watch Korean dramas or Sophia takes selfies. Elijah does not like to watch Korean dramas. Therefore, Sophia takes selfies.

Which enzyme is inhibited by NSAIDs like aspirin?