Individual III-1  in Figure 2 has the GS phenotype, while individual III-2 does not. Predict the probability that another sibling of individuals III-1 and III-2 will be a carrier of GS but not have the GS phenotype. (1)

A patient is found to have a mutation in the KRAS gene that prevents its GTPase activity, keeping it in the ‘on’ position. This is an example of a mutation in a:

Drawing from our discussions on sustainable agriculture, identify the specialized structures shown on the root systems below. Explain the biological process that occurs within these nodules and how this relationship between legumes and bacteria contributes to soil fertility. Finally, list two examples of crops that utilize this system to naturally fix nitrogen.

Six AP Biology students have taken samples of their own cheek cells, purified the DNA, and used restriction enzyme known to cut at zero, one, or two sites in a particular gene of interest. Analysis of the data obtained shows that two students each have two fragments, two students each have three fragments, and two students each have one only. What does this demonstrate?

Based on the DNA fingerprint below, which of these men is the father of this child?

Which of the following is the most likely effect of the mutation at nucleotide position 7 in the GULO gene of humans?

Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the data?

Using the pattern of STRs (Short Tandem Repeats) from a crime scene, what can you conclude?

Which of the following claims about the TYR, TRP2, and TRP1 mammalian genes is most likely to be accurate?

Explain how kidney cells in one individual with two identical SLC alleles could produce SLC protein products with nonidentical amino acid sequences. (1) Explain why the channel labeled C in Figure 1 does not require ATP to move Ca2+ ions from Region I into the kidney cell. (EC 1)