What is the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology? Give an example of when the rules are revised or broken in nature.

Resources such as textbooks can be used during exams.

The pan-genome of a bacterial species is shared by all the strains in that species.

Which of the following sequencing methods would be able to detection the type of fungi present in a microbiome? (select all that apply)

Identify each gene in the table as core, accessory, or strain-specific.

Cyanobacteria are the ONLY oxygenic phototrophic prokaryotes.

Allosteric regulation is a form of post-transcriptional regulation in bacteria

When a theory, or group of theories, has been extensively tested and seems to apply everywhere in nature, has met with no evidence to refute it, and is supported by many experts over very long periods of time, we call this a/an…

Are L. lactis, S. thermophilus, and L. plantarum a complete clade? If so, which node represents their MRCA (most recent common ancestor)?

Which of the following are cis-regulatory elements for post-transcriptional regulation (select all that apply)?