The AlphaFold Database provides which type of data freely to all researchers?A.  Raw DNA sequencing reads from human patientsB.  3D protein structure predictions for over 200 million proteinsC.  Clinical trial data for new drugsD.  Phylogenetic trees for all known species

What is the main focus of systems biology?A.  Studying one gene or protein in isolationB.  Studying biological systems as integrated, interconnected networks rather than isolated partsC.  Sequencing entire genomes as quickly as possibleD.  Designing computer operating systems for biology labs

Now that the test is open. Do a final check that only allowed test materials are on your testing surface. In this order: I will deliberately and slowly show the camera  the Front and back of EACH formula sheet the Front and Back of 2-3 sheets of blank paper. No notebooks! Phone. Your phone is shown to the camera and placed out of easy reach. (i.e. the floor, a shelf or bed behind you). It should be placed such that you can’t just easily reach and slide it over during your testing session. No other computers, tablets or smartwatches should be accessible.  Do this last!   Scan the entire room including the area in front of your workspace. The camera must clearly show your testing surface and ONLY the allowed testing materials listed above. Take the time to focus on your desktop so all materials are clear! I have done the above AFTER the test questions have been opened so it is recorded for my professor to see. If I fail to follow the above instructions, I put the integrity of my testing session in question and I risk receiving a zero on my test.

What is the standard DNA barcode gene region used for animal species identification?A.  16S ribosomal RNA geneB.  ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer)C.  COI (Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit I)D.  rbcL chloroplast gene

What is a drug target in bioinformatics-guided drug discovery?A.  The patient who will receive the drugB.  A molecule in the body usually a protein whose activity can be modified by a drug to produce a therapeutic effectC.  The chemical compound being tested as a drugD.  The database used to store drug information

What is genome assembly in bioinformatics? A.  The process of building a physical model of DNA in the laboratory B.  Counting the total number of genes in an organism C.  Comparing two genomes from different species D. Piecing together millions of short DNA sequencing reads to reconstruct the complete genome  

A multi-omics study finds that a gene is highly expressed at the mRNA level (transcriptomics) but its protein product is barely detectable (proteomics). What is the MOST likely explanation?A.  The gene has a mutation that prevents transcriptionB.  The mass spectrometry instrument must have malfunctionedC.  High mRNA always corresponds to high protein — the proteomics data must be wrongD.  The protein is likely subject to extensive post-transcriptional regulation — such as miRNA silencing, rapid protein degradation (ubiquitination), or translational repression

What is the molecular clock hypothesis in evolutionary biology?A.  The idea that all organisms have the same mutation rateB.  A device that measures how fast DNA is replicatedC.  The concept that DNA mutations accumulate at a roughly constant rate over time, allowing divergence times to be estimatedD.  The process of synchronizing biological rhythms in organisms

Which technology is primarily used to identify and quantify thousands of proteins simultaneously in a biological sample?A.  PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)B.  Mass SpectrometryC.  Western BlotD.  Flow Cytometry

The Protein Data Bank (PDB) stores which type of information?A.  DNA sequences from all known organismsB.  Lists of genes associated with human diseasesC.  Experimentally determined 3D structures of proteins, DNA, and RNAD.  Patient medical records and clinical data