A 68-year-old patient with hypertension and coronary artery disease presents with progressive exertional dyspnea and fatigue. Echocardiography demonstrates a left ventricular ejection fraction of 45%. How should the provider classify this patient’s heart failure?

A 68-year-old man with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and a history of cigarette smoking presents for a routine visit. He denies weakness, speech difficulty, or visual changes. Examination reveals a new right carotid bruit. Which action is most appropriate for the provider?

An 18-month-old presents with a cough and inspiratory stridor. The provider orders a neck radiograph, and the anteroposterior (AP) view shows a steeple sign. Which condition should the provider most suspect? 

A 48-year-old nonsmoker presents with a dry cough that has persisted for 10 weeks. The patient takes no ACE inhibitor, has normal vital signs and a normal chest radiograph, and denies hemoptysis, fever, or weight loss. Which group of conditions should the provider prioritize when developing the differential diagnosis?

A 58-year-old woman with no history of ASCVD is started on rosuvastatin 10 mg daily for primary prevention. She is tolerating the medication without adverse effects. The provider plans follow-up laboratory monitoring to assess adherence and therapeutic response. When should the lipid panel be repeated?

A 46-year-old woman presents with sudden pleuritic chest pain and dyspnea. HR is 112 beats/min. She underwent knee arthroscopy 1 week ago and has unilateral calf swelling and tenderness. Pulmonary embolism is considered at least as likely as an alternative diagnosis. She is hemodynamically stable.Using the Wells criteria presented in the lecture, which diagnostic approach is most appropriate?

A provider examines a 6-year-old with fever and an upper respiratory infection. A grade II/VI musical systolic murmur is heard at the lower left sternal border. The child has normal growth, normal pulses, no cardiac symptoms, and no concerning family history. The parent reports that no murmur has previously been identified. Which explanation is most appropriate?

A 4-year-old with a prior diagnosis of asthma is brought to the clinic by her mother. For the past four nights, the child has been waking repeatedly with a dry, hacking cough. This morning she seemed tired and didn’t want to play. The mom reports her appetite has been decreased. The child has had a runny nose for two days but no fever. On exam, she is alert, afebrile, and speaking in full sentences. Respiratory rate is mildly elevated, and SpO₂ is 96% on room air. Auscultation reveals good air movement bilaterally, with no wheeze and no crackles. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 4-year-old returns to the primary care office after hospitalization for Kawasaki disease treated with IVIG. The child is doing well and has established pediatric cardiology follow-up. The parent asks whether the child can receive scheduled MMR and varicella vaccines today. Which response by the provider is most appropriate?

Four patients with acute cough are evaluated in primary care. For which patient is chest radiography most appropriate today?