Describe the endosymbiotic theory to explain the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts. Then list the key evidence that support this theory. (Total 5 points) In your response, you should include two sections:1) Theory (2 pts): Explain the process of origin of both mitochondria and chloroplasts according to the endosymbiotic theory.2) Evidence (3 pts): List at least two 3 pieces of evidence that support the theory. Each correctly explained piece of evidence is worth 1 point.   [Note: this is a concept understanding question, assessing the LO4-D]

Which statement about osmosis is correct?   [Alignment Note: This is an understanding question to assess LO6-E]

In 3-6 sentences, describe what the first cells might have looked like, including their most basic features. [5pts total]   [Alignment note: this is to test the LO4-A]

Which of the following is a reasonable explanation for why unsaturated fatty acids help keep a membrane more fluid at lower temperatures? [Note: this is an analysis question. Relate this question to LO6-B]

Analyze the osmosis problem in which there is more than one solute in the inside and/or outside solution. The semi-permeable membrane will not allow the passage of salts, ions, or sugar solutes. When the cell (see the oval in the picture below) is placed in a solution containing glucose and sucrose, will water have net movement?(1pt)  If so, in which direction will the water move?[1pt] Then, explain why. [3pts including correct calculation, and comparison] [5pts total] [Alignment note: This is an analysis question for osmosis. Relate to LO6-E]

Two cell types are placed in the same oxygen-rich environment. Cell A has very few mitochondria, whereas Cell B contains many mitochondria and is actively producing ATP through cellular respiration. In which cell would oxygen enter more rapidly, and why?     [Alignment Note: This is an analysis question assessing LO6-C]

Respond to ONE short answer question here. 

Put these events in the most likely sequence 1.Origin of eukaryotic cells 2.Origin of prokaryotic cells 3.Origin of photosynthesis 4.The oxygen revolution   [Alignment note: This is a concept recall question for evidence of events. Relate to LO4-C]

Section Three, Essay (Answer ONE, 48 points) Explain the meaning and significance of the Black Freedom Struggle from Reconstruction to the Present.  Successful answers will provide specific historical examples and actors, will reference readings from this semester, and will explain how the black freedom struggle changed over time. Additionally, successful essays will include evidence beyond the 1960s as the question traces from Reconstruction to the Present. A curious friend asks you at a party: How is it that America has become militarily involved with almost the entire globe?  Explain your answer historically by using FOUR foreign conflicts as examples— One conflict from before the midterm exam and three conflicts from after the midterm exam. Successful answers will explore how the US became involved in those conflicts and how that involvement impacted subsequent American foreign relations. Remember to provide specific dates, people, events, and readings we have studied this semester.

EXTRA CREDIT (2PTS.) Who is our favorite animal that teaches students across America safety procedures throughout the Cold War?