Wild type blue-eyed Mary has blue flowers. Two genes control the pathway that makes the blue pigment: The product of gene W turns a white precursor into magenta pigment. The product of gene M turns the magenta pigment into blue pigment. Each gene has a recessive loss-of-function allele: w and m, respectively. A double heterozygote is cross with a plant that is homozygous recessive for W and heterozygous for the other gene. What proportion of offspring will be white? Select the right answer and show your work on your scratch paper for credit.

What is F for V-1? Hint: F takes into consideration all the alleles IBD. Probability of an allele IBD , where n= # of transmission events. Select the right answer and show your work on your scratch paper for credit.

Coat color in mice is controlled by the interaction of two genes: Gene #1: The black coat color allele (B) is dominant over the brown coat color allele (b). Gene #2: Expression of coat color allele (C) is dominant over masking of coat color allele (c). Genotypes CC and Cc enable the expression of coat color, and the genotype cc will mask the expression of coat color, resulting in a white mouse.  What is the expected phenotypic ratio (Black: Brown: White) that results from a cross between two black mice heterozygous for both genes?  Select the right answer and show your work on your scratch paper for credit.

IA and IB are dominant traits for blood types A and B respectively. If a person has both, they are blood type AB (IAIB). Blood type O happens when people have two recessive i alleles. IAi and IAIA give blood type A.  Before DNA, paternity tests used to use blood type to determine whether an individual was not the father. If a woman with blood type A has a child with blood type O, which of the following individuals could not be the father? Select the right answer and show your work on your scratch paper for credit.

You perform a cross (RrSs x rrss) and obtain the following results. According to these results, which map is correct? Select the right answer and show your work on your scratch paper for credit.

The genetic profile of the embryos in a population is indicated in the table below. Following natural selection, the deleterious phenotype disappears and only a portion of the population reaches adulthood. Think about the values needed to complete the table, this will help you find the values needed for this question and the following two. What is the frequency of allele a in the reproductive adults? Select the right answer and show your work on your scratch paper for credit.

The ABO and MN blood groups are given below for four set of parents (1 to 4). Recall that the ABO blood group has three alleles: IA, IB, and i. The MN blood group has two codominant alleles, M and N. Its three blood group phenotypes, M, MN, and N, correspond to the genotypes MM, MN, and NN. The ABO blood groups assorts independently of the MN blood group.Using your knowledge of these genetic systems, who are the parents of a child with blood type O and M blood group? Select the right answer and show your work on your scratch paper for credit.

In rats, gene B produces black coat color if the genotype is B-, but black pigment is not produced if the genotype is bb. At an independent locus, gene D produces yellow pigment if the genotype is D-, but no pigment is produced when the genotype is dd. Production of both pigments results in brown coat color. If neither pigment is produced, coat color is cream.  The genotype of parents of litters with the following phenotype distribution 3 brown, 3 yellow, 1 black, 1 cream is: Select the right answer and show your work on your scratch paper for credit.

Dr. Barbara McClintock, a famous geneticist, decides to try her hand at iris propagation. She selects two pure-breeding irises, one red ad the other blue, and crosses them, To her surprise, all F1 plants have F1 purple flowers. She decides to create more purple irises by self-fertilizing the F1 irises. Dr. McClintock produces 480 F2 plants consisting of 362 with purple flowers, 89 with blue flowers and 29 with red flowers. Which of the following epistatic interactions might account for her observations? Select the right answer and show your work on your scratch paper for credit.  

There are two forms of human earwax: wet and dry. W is a dominant allele that produces wet earwax. In a sample of Spaniards, you measure the following genotypes: WW= 840, Ww =120, and ww = 40. What is the frequency of the heterozygous genotype? Select the right answer and show your work on your scratch paper for credit.