sampling distribution of correlation coefficient r

We hypothesized that single parents would be spread thinner with time and energy than married parents, and thus engage in less parental monitoring. Parenting monitoring is basically behaviors parents engage in to keep track of what their kids are doing. You examined this hypothesis using the NSYR dataset, which is a nationally representative dataset of U.S. teens. The measure of parental monitoring was the average of eight different teen-report items regarding different parental monitoring behaviors their parent engages in. Here is the Stata output.   Visual Description .  ttest parmon, by(plivedich) Two-sample t test with equal variances Stata Output (Table 1) Group Obs Mean Std. Err. Std. Dev. [95% Conf. Interval] not marr 1,090 5.443574 .0413559 1.365371 5.362428, 5.52472 married 2,273 5.702185 .0269463 1.284689 5.649343, 5.755027 combined 3,363 5.618365 .0227061 1.316756 5.573846, 5.662884 diff -.2586109 .0483145 -.3533397, -.1638822 diff = mean(not marr) – (married) Ho: diff = 0 t = -5.3527 degrees of freedom = 3361     Ha: diff < 0     Ha: diff != 0     Ha: diff > 0 Pr(T < t) = 0.0000 Pr(|T| > |t|) = 0.000 Pr(T > t) = 1.0000 . .  esize twosample parmon, by(plivedich) Effect size based on mean comparison Obs per group:not married       =  1,090married              =  2,273 Stata Output (Table 2) Effect Size Estimate [95% Conf. Interval] Cohen’s d -.197206 -.2695553, -.1248274 Hedges’s g -.197162 -.2694951, -.1247996 Please write up these independent samples t-test results, making sure to: (a) adhere to APA style; (b) report and interpret the t-test degrees of freedom, t-score, and p-value; (c) report and interpret Cohen’s d; (d) report the confidence interval around the difference between means; and (e) state the substantive conclusions from the analysis.

Research has shown that adolescent girls tend to have lower self-esteem than boys. However, we wanted to know whether they also differed in terms of the bases of their self-esteem. We hypothesized that girls would base their self-esteem on their body image more than boys. We examined this using a sample of 373 teens from across the U.S. using an item from Crocker et al.’s (2003) Contingencies of Self-worth Scale (Item: “When I think I look attractive, I feel good about myself.”). Here are the results, t(371) = -2.25, p = .02, d = -.24. Which of the following is an accurate interpretation?  

standard error for paired samples t-test

What is the underlying logic of the single sample t-test? 

What number reflects how much we would expect our means to vary due to chance if the null is correct and all groups come from the same population?

What is the range of plausible groups differences on familism between the White and Black ethnic groups?

If you have data on one group of people at two waves on a single ordinal or ratio variable, what test are you most likely to use? 

Which of the following is typically true for the mean of the sampling distribution for an independent samples t-test?

If you have data on a two-group nominal variable and an ordinal or ratio variable at one wave, what test are you most likely to use?