Exposure to teratogens like valproic acid, ____________, and oligohydramnios are all non-genetic causes of craniosynostosis.

A 45-year-old man presents with vertical diplopia that worsens when going downstairs. On examination, the right eye is elevated in adduction, and he tilts his head to the left to compensate. Which cranial nerve is most likely affected, and what are its name, number, function, and exit foramen?

A 6-year-old child with medulloblastoma develops bradycardia, respiratory irregularities, and sudden coma. Physical exam reveals nuchal rigidity and extensor posturing. MRI shows downward displacement of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum compressing the medulla. Which type of herniation is occurring?

Which of the following sites is least likely to be involved in metastatic osteosarcoma?

A 5-year-old boy presents with colicky abdominal pain, bilious vomiting, and distension. Abdominal X-ray reveals air-fluid levels consistent with small bowel obstruction. At surgery, a fibrous band is found connecting the ileum to the umbilicus, with a blind-ending pouch along the antimesenteric border. Which embryologic structure failed to involute?

A 55-year-old man presents with ptosis, diplopia, and inability to move the right eye in most directions. He also has loss of corneal reflex and facial numbness in the forehead and upper eyelid. CT reveals a mass impinging on the superior orbital fissure. Which cranial nerves are affected, and which cranial fossa does this foramen belong to?

A digoxin loading dose is ordered: 0.125 mg IV q8h for 3 doses. The ampule reads 0.25 mg/mL. How many mL will be given per dose?

A patient is prescribed dopamine at 7 mcg/kg/min. The patient weighs 70 kg. The IV bag contains 400 mg of dopamine in 250 mL. What IV rate (mL/hr) should the nurse set?

Acetaminophen 240 mg is ordered for a child weighing 18 kg every 4 hours PRN for fever. The recommended dose is 10–15 mg/kg/dose. Recommended minimum single dose for this child: [min] mg/dose Recommended maximum single dose for this child: [max] mg/dose Is the ordered dosage safe? [safe]

Order: 1500 mL of D5½NS to infuse over 10 hours. What is the IV flow rate in mL/hr? (Round to the nearest whole number.)