Generally, which of the following sensory inputs would you expect to be linked to a metabotropic (rather than ionotropic) receptor type?

When an action potential moves down a neuron, what causes it to move from one Nav+ channel to the next?

The point at which an action potential goes forward in an all-or-nothing fashion is when the membrane potential reaches:

When comparing excitatory to inhibitory synapses in the CNS, which of the following is FALSE?

For the following example, select the type of bias that is not present in the data. (There is only one correct answer.) A politician wants to know what percent of people in the U.S. agree with her position on gun control. She puts a survey on a variety of websites and allows anyone to fill it out. She asks the following question: “Do you agree with my position on gun control, yes or no?” When she received the data, she found that many people clicked on the survey, but then refused to answer. Some other people answered “no”. She decided not to count the “no” answers since they obviously did not understand how important this issue is.

Are confounding variables controlled so that they can prove cause and effect? Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain disorder that causes widespread pain and tenderness to touch that may occur body wide or migrate over the body. A pharmaceutical company needs to prove that taking Milnacipran helps control the symptoms of Fibromyalgia. A group of people with Fibromyalgia volunteers to test this medication. The volunteers are randomly placed into two groups. One group receives Milnacipran and the other group receives a placebo. None of the volunteers knew if they were getting the real medication or the placebo. The people directly giving the medication also did not know if it was real or a placebo.  The volunteers on Milnacipran showed a significant improvement in their Fibromyalgia symptoms, while those on the placebo did not show much improvement. 

For the following example, select the type of bias that is not present in the data. (There is only one correct answer.) An addiction clinic in Portland, Oregon wants to estimate the percentage of people in Portland that are addicted to alcohol. They hire a statistics company to take a simple random sample of people in Portland. Each person is asked the following question. “Drinking too much alcohol is dangerous and has long lasting side effects including liver failure. It is terrible if you are addicted to alcohol.  So are you addicted to alcohol?” Many people were offended and refused to answer.  Several people with alcohol addictions lied and said they are not addicted. 

On post-op day 5, Ashley develops a fever of 101.6°F, graft tenderness, and elevated BUN and creatinine. Acute rejection is diagnosed. Question: Which intervention is most appropriate for treating acute rejection?

Case 4  This 55-year old patient presents for routine dental hygiene care. On examination, you find the following lesions on the patient. What is your diagnosis? Use the images above to answer Q5 and Q6.

Case 13  This lesion is an aggressive odontogenic tumor with a predilection for posterior mandible. The tumor islands resemble enamel organ. What is the diagnosis? Use the image above to answer Q20-22.