Chronic pain produces alterations in:

The Physical Therapist Assistant (PTA) is providing Ultrasound to the Quadriceps tendon for a patient following a Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) with knee flexion limited at 900. Which one of the following BEST represents the rationale for the therapeutic Ultrasound?

A patient reports neck pain that has been constantly present for the past year. This type of pain is negatively impacted by all of the following EXCEPT:

A PTA applies a modality to influence reflex activity and muscle spindle sensitivity. Which physiological effect is being targeted?

Use the following case to answer the question.  Name: John Doe Date of Birth: 05/16/70 Dx: left heel pain Precautions: none S: Patient reports pain 3/10 with walking   O:  ROM  (in degrees)            MOTION  (Active)    Right    (Passive)  (Active)       Left    (Passive) Dorsiflexion         5                          7      0                          1 Plantarflexion      50                        55     51                        55  Inversion     30                        33     28                        33 Eversion     10                        12        11                        15   Based on the information in the case above, which one of the following motions of the left ankle would be considered MOST restricted?  

Based on pain relief theory and current literature, which of the following would be considered the BEST choice for use of Estim prior to mobilizing the left wrist of a patient diagnosed with a Colles fracture that was pinned and immobilized for 10 weeks and the pain remains high?

If Hydrochloric Acid forms under an electrode it will MOST likely be the:

Which one of the following modes of heat transfer does a water bath that is agitated or circulated produce more of a heating effect on the body than a water soak in which the water is not moving?

A Physical Therapist Assistant (PTA) treats a patient who sustained a right lateral ankle sprain less than 6 hours ago. The PTA is instructed per the Plan of Care (POC) to use cold water immersion as a cryotherapy agent. What would be the primary limitation of this type of intervention?

Which one of the following would be the BEST technique for reducing adhesions in the glenohumeral joint capsule?