Study the paired images of the patella (A: routine radiograph, B: tomographic image). Explain why the fracture line is visualised more clearly on the tomographic image (B) than on the routine radiograph (A). tomography.png

Study the three special projections of the glenoid cavity demonstrated below and answer ALL  the questions:                                                                                                       A: Apple Method APPLE.png                                                                                    B: Garth Method GR.png                                                      C: Grashey Method G.png For each of the three projections, briefly describe the purpose of the projection.    (1 MARK FOR EACH)

Axial calcaneus projections are mainly used to assess the longitudinal arches.

Study the table below representing tangential projections of the patella and fill in the missing words.                                                                                                                                                       (10)     Projection Method Purpose Patient Position Central Ray Structures Shown    Merchant Method [BLANK-1]  Supine with knees flexed at 40 degrees over the end of the table Perpendicular to IR, angled 30 degrees caudally  [BLANK-2]    Hughston Method To assess patellar subluxation and shape [BLANK-3] 45 degrees cephalad  [BLANK-4]    Settegast Method [BLANK-5]  Prone or seated with knee flexed at 90 degrees [BLANK-6] Patella in profile    Inferosuperior Axial Projection To evaluate the patellofemoral joint  [BLANK-7]  [BLANK-8]  Patella and patellofemoral joint    Skyline (Laurin) Method [BLANK-9]  [BLANK-10] 30 degrees from horizontal (inferior-superior)  Patella and patellofemoral joint   

The Fisk Method positions the humerus 45° from vertical to demonstrate the bicipital groove.

Study the three special projections of the glenoid cavity demonstrated below and answer ALL  the questions:                                                                                                       A: Apple Method APPLE.png                                                                                    B: Garth Method GR.png                                                      C: Grashey Method G.png For each of the three projections, briefly describe the patient positioning.    (2 MARKS FOR EACH)

A lateral Kite projection shows a markedly reduced lateral talocalcaneal angle and near‑parallel talus and calcaneus. What is the MOST appropriate interpretation?

A patient presents with anatomical snuffbox tenderness, but routine PA wrist radiographs appear normal. Which imaging approach is most appropriate to better demonstrate a suspected scaphoid fracture?

When performing the Neer outlet view, internally rotating the arm improves visualization of the outlet in trauma patients.

A radiograph taken for AC‑joint evaluation appears magnified, and the joint spaces are not clearly demonstrated. Which error is most likely the cause?