A client exercising outdoors on a hot, humid day becomes weak, dizzy, and nauseated. The skin is cool and wet from heavy sweating, and the client is tachycardic with a decreased blood pressure. Which condition is most consistent with these findings?

A client reports increasing difficulty seeing at night and has a diet lacking vegetables and vitamin-rich foods. The nurse recognizes that vitamin A is necessary for synthesis of rhodopsin in the retina. Which manifestation is most consistent with vitamin A deficiency?

A client has obesity primarily concentrated around the abdomen and upper body. The nurse explains that fat distribution can be clinically important even when two clients have similar body mass indexes. Which risk is associated with upper-body obesity?

A child is evaluated for weak, poorly mineralized bones. Dietary history reveals minimal intake of vitamin D–containing foods and limited sunlight exposure. Which disorder is most consistent with this deficiency?

A newborn screening test indicates phenylketonuria (PKU). The parents are taught that the infant cannot properly metabolize phenylalanine. Which dietary intervention is most appropriate according to the chapter?

A client with chronic alcohol use has progressive liver dysfunction. The provider explains that cirrhosis involves cell death, inflammation, lipid deposition, and replacement of healthy tissue with scar tissue. Which consequence is most concerning?

A client taking a diuretic has previously developed hypokalemia. The provider adds a potassium-sparing diuretic to the regimen. What is the main purpose of this medication?

A client with congestive heart failure is prescribed a diuretic to reduce edema. The nurse explains that diuretics increase urine production and thereby reduce excess extracellular fluid volume. Which complication should the nurse monitor for during treatment?

A newborn develops a metabolic disorder in which galactose cannot be converted adequately to glucose. The healthcare team explains that continued exposure can result in growth problems, cataracts, infection, and neurologic injury. Which dietary change is indicated?

A middle-aged client was lean and physically active when younger but has gradually gained weight after becoming less active. The nurse explains that adult-onset obesity commonly involves enlargement of existing adipose cells rather than initially increasing cell number. What type of obesity does this describe?