A journal article has four authors. Which parenthetical citation is correct beginning with the first citation?

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According to the Mequoda article,  a digital presence has the opportunity to revive a print magazine in the short term.

MPA President Linda Thomas Brooks comments: “First I would say, “How do you define magazines?” We are very thoughtful when we talk about our brands, we say “print magazines” to describe traditional printed magazine products. We say _______when we are talking about the totality of a brand and all the formats where its content lives – digital, video, social, events, licensing.

A 2014 Harvard Political Review article said that newspapers are attempting to combat diminishing reader interest by doing all but one of these — which one of the below were they NOT doing in 2014?

In July 2019, writer and music copyright CEO Andy Chatterley noted that streaming has not eliminated piracy by any means. Picking three albums from the previous three years (Ed Sheehan, Kanye West, and Lady Gaga albums), Chatterley notes that all together, those three were illegally downloaded how many times in a single month?

A student is proofreading a paper and finds a source on the References page that is never cited in the paper. What should the student do?

Music copyright CEO Andy Chatterley notes that, as subscriptions to streaming services slow (as has begun to happen in Scandanavia) there is an enormous opportunity in converting more people to paid subscribers. Piracy is an obvious place to find them.

According to the Pew Research Center in a 2020 article, in the most recent 10-year period with available data,     

How did that Alien and Sedition Act move work out for John Adams?