Which factor would warrant immediately referral for an x-ray (plain film image) utilizing the Canadian C-Spine Rules for a patient that comes into the clinic with neck pain following a traumatic event? (can select more than one)

A patient is 2 weeks post-operative right total knee arthroplasty. The patient has been complaining of recent pressure and excessive pain in the lower calf below the knee in the past 2 days since the last physical therapy (PT) visit. The evaluating PT decides to explore this further. What would be the most appropriate response to this new information?

Which of the following is NOT included in the classic signs and symptoms known as the “5 D’s, 3 N’s, and 1 A” associated with vertebrobasilar insufficiency?

A 45-year-old male is evaluated via direct access with a chief complaint of knee pain following a fall onto the knee from a ladder. The evaluating physical therapist notes he has 100 degrees of flexion and is lacking 5 degrees of extension. He denies any pain to palpation besides the sharp pain over the patella as a result from the fall. The patient has been able to ambulate after the injury and in the clinic, although very painful. Which would be the most appropriate response by the evaluating PT?

Which of the following examination items would be the most concerning to the treating physical therapist?

A 42-year-old patient presents with right lateral elbow pain that began three weeks ago after starting a new tennis routine. The pain is described as mild and only occurs during backhand strokes or when lifting heavy objects. The pain resolves quickly after the activity stops, and the patient reports no night pain or rest pain. How would the patient’s irritability be rated?

Which special test would provide the most confidence to rule in/out a Superior Labral Anterior Posterior (SLAP) lesion of the shoulder?

During an upper quarter clearing examination, a physical therapist (PT) palpates tendons specific for DeQuervain’s Tenosynovitis. Which tendons is the PT palpating?

Case study: A 17-year-old female is referred to PT with a history of bilateral knee pain (R>L). She is very active within the school year participating in 3 sports throughout the year. She has noticed her pain is worse during track season (long-distance runner). Her pain is localized under the knee cap. She denies a history of swelling and mechanism of injury, but states that her pain is gradually worsening over the last couple months.  What should the examining physical therapist make sure to assess in the objective examination given the current literature with this diagnosis?

A 75-year-old male is referred to physical therapy (PT) from his primary care physician. His chief complaint includes bilateral neck pain and occasional numbness and tingling into both arms. With further examination, it is determined the patient has noticed a change in his gait with a loss of balance, clumsiness with his hands and fingers including more difficulty feeding himself and buttoning his shirts in the last 2 months, and hyperreflexia in the upper and lower extremities. Which diagnosis should the PT be most concerned about?