The nearly 800 year long semi-religious war to reclaim Spain from the Muslims is commonly called what?

After defeating Pompey and becoming Dictator for life, Julius Caesar was stabbed and killed by who in Rome?

The greatest king of the Achaemenid Persian empire, who was responsible for the most expansion of territory and is mentioned favorably in the Old Testament was this man.

Charles the Bald paid 7,000 French livres in gold and silver to get the Viking army to life their siege of this French city in 845 AD

In the so-called Classical Age of Greece, this was the most common territorial ruling method found as opposed to one king or ruler over the entire country

Please select all statements that are true about starch

Please explain why softwood lignin is the preferred raw material over hardwood lignin for producing vanillin.  

Lignin has [1] heat value than the carbohydrates. 

Please describe the reaction of this lignin fragment under a.) alkaline sulfite pulping conditions and b.) acidic sulfite pulping conditions. 

Based on the table below, how much glucomannan would you be expect in this pine wood sample (report dry g glucomannan in 100g dry biomass). Please use a Glu:Man ratio of 1:3 for pine glucomannan. Glucose MW = 180, Water MW = 18.   g sugar released per100 g DRY Pine wood Glucose 44.00 Mannose 12.00 Xylose 6.19 Arabinose 0 Galactose 0 Klason lignin 28.1