The trp operon is a operon that is turned off when levels are high. A second regulatory mechanism called involves formation of a stem-loop.

The following DNA fragment is from the middle of the protein-coding sequence of a gene. CACTCTGTTCCCGGTAGTGAGACAAGGGCCATYou determine that the sequence contains a tryptophan codon.  Use that information to label the 5’ and 3’ ends of both strands of the above sequence.5′ end is: (write top or bottom)3′ end is: (write top or bottom) Write out the sequence of the mRNA produced from this bit of DNA. Write from 3′ to 5′ direction.    A mutation happens that affects a single base-pair, and changes the fourth amino acid (read NH2 to COOH) to phenylalanine (Phe). It doesn’t affect any other amino acids. 3′ CACTCTGTTCCTGGTA 5′ 5′ GTGAGACAAGGACCAT 3′ What type of mutation is it?       

During late gene expression in HIV, the protein enables export of unspliced by binding to the , while production of the gag-pol fusion protein requires a during translation.

A nurse is caring for a premature newborn with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Which intervention is a priority in the managment of RDS?

A mammalian genome has been sequenced and shown to have the genomic DNA arrangement at its antibody light chain locus shown below.  Imagine that it undergoes recombination to join V4 to J3. How many different light chains can be produced from this gene? (Consider only recombination).    

The Robust n. Archopallium (RA) area of bird brains is roughly equivalent to primary motor cortex in humans.  It receives inputs from the HVC and the lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior neostriatum (LMAN) that contribute to distinct aspects of song production. Consider the contributions of these inputs to RA activity and singing behavior by addressing the following questions: (5 pts) How is birdsong encoded by the activity of individual neurons in RA? How would inactivation or damage to RA affect a bird’s ability to learn or generate a good song? (5 pts) What are the behavioral effects of silencing/inhibiting LMAN in juvenile birds, and what does this suggest about the role of LMAN inputs to RA? What would you expect to be happening to the activity of RA neurons during song when LMAN is silenced, and why? (5 pts) What are the behavioral effects of slowing down (via cooling) activity in HVC in adult birds, and what does this suggest about the role of HVC inputs to RA? What would you expect to happen to the activity of RA neurons during song when HVC is cooled, and why? (5 pts) What are the behavioral effects of inhibiting activity (via GABA receptor agonism) in HVC in adult birds, and what does this suggest about the role of HVC inputs to RA? What would you expect to happen to the activity of RA neurons during song when HVC is inhibited, and why?

The nurse is doing an assessment on a newborn and finds a red rash with white papules and red macules all over the body, especially on the trunk. The nurse documents this finding as:

A nurse is providing care to the mother of a newborn that has intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Which of the following should the nurse include as a possible cause of this condition?

During a newborn assessment, the nurse notes a bluish-black pigmentation on the lower back and buttocks of a term infant of black descent. The parents are alarmed. Which statement by the nurse is the MOST appropriate?

Which phase of wound healing involves clot formation?