The exclusionary rule holds that:

Probable cause, as required for an arrest or search warrant, is best described as:

The exclusionary rule was created by Congress through federal legislation and applies only to federal law enforcement.

Proposition 57 (2016) reflected which of the following philosophical shifts in California corrections?

The American criminal justice system has stated goals: enforce the law, adjudicate guilt fairly, punish proportionately, protect the community, rehabilitate where possible, and reintegrate offenders. Choose two of these goals and explain, using specific examples from the course, where the system falls short of its stated purpose. What structural or political factors explain the gap?

Reasonable suspicion is a lower standard than probable cause and is sufficient to justify a brief investigative stop.

On a direct criminal appeal, the standard of review applied to constitutional questions is:

The prosecution’s obligation to disclose material exculpatory evidence applies even when the defense does not specifically request it.

Prisonization describes a process that generally supports rehabilitation by helping inmates adapt to the institutional environment.

The central unintended consequence of realignment for county jails was that: