A scientist is studying a virus and a bacterium. The bacterium is able to maintain a stable internal environment and uses energy from its surroundings to grow. The virus, on the other hand, cannot maintain its own internal environment and can only reproduce by hijacking a host cell. Based on these observations, which of the following is true?

In a healthy cell, tumor suppressor genes, like p53, are responsible for stopping cell division when there is DNA damage. However, in some cancer cells, these genes are silenced. What epigenetic modification can lead to the silencing of tumor suppressor genes?

A bacterial cell is performing cellular respiration to produce energy. Where do the processes of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle occur in this cell?

A DNA mutation occurs in a fruit fly that causes it to have a slightly different wing shape. This change does not affect the fly’s ability to survive or reproduce. What is the most likely outcome of this mutation in the population?

When a human cell breaks down glucose to produce ATP, what can be said about this process?

What is the one exception to the FTC Funeral Rule regarding the presentation of the General Price List?

Humans lose the ability to digest lactose as adults. However, in populations with a long history of dairy farming, many people retain the ability to produce the enzyme lactase throughout their lives. What is the best evolutionary explanation for this?

Consider what you have learned in this class. Please pick a single topic, e.g., a single learning objective we have covered. This might be something you found especially interesting, something you initially struggled with but then learned well, something you are especially confident of and perhaps wished was covered more thoroughly on this test, or anything else you want from this content, except please do not pick one of the topics already discussed in the essay questions (i.e., do not re-discuss the essay questions you already answered). For this topic: Identify the topic Explain the topic and why it is important Write a single multiple choice question addressing this topic Your answer should be a paragraph of at least 4-5 sentences. Please do not just list out names of multiple topics, or just tell me that you found a topic to be really interesting. You may tell me you found this topic especially interesting, but you must demonstrate that you learned about and understand this topic by explaining it clearly. Note that there is not a single answer to this question, this is your chance to demonstrate good knowledge of any topic of your choosing from your work in this class!

Glucose needs to be moved from a high concentration outside the cell to a lower concentration inside the cell. It uses a specific protein to cross the membrane without the use of energy. What type of transport is this?

A scientist observes that the plants in her garden are growing taller on one side of her house. She then forms an educated guess that the plants on that side are receiving more sunlight. What is the correct term for her educated guess?