The nature of the juvenile court process remained unchanged until the 1960s. When the Warren Court began to scrutinize procedures in adult criminal courts, its attention turned also to juvenile courts. In a groundbreaking decision, the Supreme Court held in In re Gault (1967) that the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment applied to juvenile court proceedings. The court emphasized that “under our Constitution the condition of being a boy does not justify a kangaroo court   Gault and subsequent cases signaled that the juvenile court must become a real court and its procedures must be regularized in accordance with:

Which of the following proposals would due process advocates LEAST likely support?

This president’s “Great Society” programs increased the caseload of the federal courts.

CASE 8.1In evaluating which judicial selection system is best, it is important to determine if one system produces better judges than another. Judicial folklore has long held that particular systems may produce superior judges. Several studies have systematically analyzed this folklore. Researchers use measurable judicial credentials, such as education and prior legal experience, as indicators of judicial quality.Which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following is NOT a term used to refer to local chief prosecutors?

Severe defects in trial proceedings that require reversal of a conviction and remand for a new trial in order to avoid a miscarriage of justice are called __________.

Guilty pleas are the bread and butter of the American criminal courts. Between 85 and 95 percent of all state and federal felony convictions are obtained by a defendant entering a negotiated plea of guilt (Covey, 2008; Hashimoto, 2008; United States Sentencing Commission, 2015). Plea bargaining can best be defined as the process through which a defendant pleads guilty to a criminal charge with the expectation of receiving some consideration from the state.   What are the three most common types of plea bargains?

During the late 1960s and early 1970s, an unusual political coalition developed between liberals and conservatives. Both sides found considerable fault in existing sentencing practices. Although their reasons reflected fundamentally different concerns, liberals and conservatives defined the problem in similar terms: The criminal laws permitted too much latitude in sentencing, providing judges with little or no guidance on how to determine the proper sentence for each individual case.   Which of the following is true for both liberals and conservatives regarding changes to sentencing structures?

List a pathogenic gram – bacteria that is found in periodontal pockets.

ELAS 980 Diagnostic – Aging.mp3