Andrew Jackson’s own cabinet and vice president disagreed with his decision to support the Tariff of 1828 (nicknamed the Tariff of Abominations). Vice President John C. Calhoun secretly drafted an essay called [BLANK-1] criticizing Jackson, complaining of the tariff, and laying out a plan for “nullification” – a process by which a state could nullify a federal statute it considered unconstitutional. When Calhoun’s authorship of the essay became public, Jackson became furious and refused to have much to do with his vice president for the rest of his term. He refused to include him on the ticket for reelection in 1832.

Part 2 [8% points each = 40% total] Short Identification Questions (IDs):A short answer ID should briefly address the basic journalistic questions: who or what, when, where, and why. Each answer should be at least 4-5 sentences long. Be sure to discuss the significance. Write an answer for FIVE (5) of the following, even if you must guess somewhat (partial credit is better than none):The Albany RegencyAndrew Jackson’s PresidencyJames Henry HammondJohn Quincy Adams’ PresidencyJohn Tyler’s PresidencyPaulina Wright DavisThe Petticoat AffairThe Second Great AwakeningThe Trail of TearsUniversal Male Suffrage

Abolitionist movements, particularly Immediatism which advocated for the immediate emancipation of slaves, were not well received (even in the north) during the 1830s and 1840s; they were limited to the fringes and extremes of American moral reformers. The death of [BLANK-1] is an example of the limitations of early abolitionism. Fearful of disunion and outraged by the interracial nature of abolitionism, northern mobs smashed abolitionist printing presses and even killed this person – a prominent antislavery newspaper editor – in 1837.

Particularly in response to the Second Great Awakening, the first half of the nineteenth century saw an increasing concern in regards to the regulation of female sexuality.  One notable attempt to curtail women’s desires and limit masturbatory habits was [BLANK-1].  Women began to wear extremely loose-fitting clothing and underwear in order to eliminate any friction between clothing and genitalia (in the hopes that this would inhibit women’s sexual desires).

[BLANK-1] occurred largely in cities.  Those coming to the United States did so in family units and rarely settled in rural areas.  Once established, these new Americans found work in retail, commerce, and artisanal occupations such as tailoring.

Economic independence and an increase in women’s legal standing were emphases of the feminist movement of the early nineteenth century. Early feminists such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Paulina Wright Davis fought for easier and more equitable [BLANK-1].

[BLANK-1] was proposed by Henry Clay and adopted during the Era of Good Feelings. This plan for the direction of America’s government called for raising taxes on imports, supporting nation-wide infrastructural projects such as national roads and canals, and creating the Second Bank of the United States. Nearly every American politician supported this plan during this era.

Part 3 Essay Question [40%]:Your essay should have an introduction with a clear and specific thesis, a body with evidence, and a conclusion that reinforces your central argument. Select the option you feel the most comfortable with and answer it to the best of your ability.Choose ONE (1) of the following options: What were the major crises faced by the newly created United States of America, from the 1780s until 1820?  Describe at least FOUR of these crises.  What were the strategies to deal with these crises?  Were they successful?  Did any of them threaten the stability of the United States?  Which do you believe presented the greatest threat to the survival of the new nation?Chart the causes of the War of 1812.  What were Americans’ major grievances with the British Empire and who were the fiercest advocates for war?  Describe the military outcome of the war.  What were the decisive battles and theaters of war?  How did the war conclude?  What were some of the lasting legacies of the War of 1812?Describe the emergence of a New Middle Class, particularly in the northern United States, during the early-nineteenth century. What led to the creation of the New Middle Class? What were some of the major virtues and values of the New Middle Class? What was home life like for these people? Why do you believe that the New Middle Class became so involved in the social reform efforts of the Second Great Awakening? What issues did they seek to change or reform?

During the American Revolution, the British strategy for war included attacking the U.S. government and trying to occupy key Patriot strongholds. [BLANK-1] in the autumn of 1777 reflected Britain’s commitment to this strategy. Even though they accomplished their strategic goals in this instance, it proved to be an unsuccessful approach to war on the whole.

[BLANK-1] was best known as a general during the Revolutionary War who mostly fought in the Southern Theater. This person employed tactics known as Fugitive Warfare (a style of guerrilla warfare) in the south. His troops would engage British soldiers (often under the command of General Cornwallis) with hit-and-run tactics and would refuse to engage the British in open warfare.