What is the most common etiology of apraxia of speech?

What deviant speech characteristic is heard  in this voice sample?

Clinical characteristic of cerebellar lesions and ataxia include: (Select all that apply)

Ms. Lassiter, a 35-year-old woman presented with a 2-year history of gradual mental deterioration, reduced ability to concentrate, and hand-writing difficulty. She complained of speech difficulty. Neurologic evaluation identified involuntary movements and balance difficulty, generalized motor impersistence, and mild cogwheel rigidity. Neuropsychological assessment confirmed the presence of significant cognitive limitations. MRI showed an abnormality in the right putamen that could represent iron deposition and mild generalized atrophy. During the speech examination rapid, unsustained, choreiform movements of the lower face, jaw, and tongue were present at rest. Involuntary tongue clicking was noted. She had difficulty maintaining a protruded tongue, open mouth, and lip retraction due to both motor impersistence and involuntary movements. Speech was characterized by an accelerated rate, imprecise articulation with irregular articulatory breakdowns, dysprosody, and variable rate. Vowel prolongation was characterized by low-amplitude tremor. Speech AMRs were irregular. Pitch and loudness variability was reduced, but pitch and loudness occasionally varied inappropriately. What type of dysarthria do you suspect?

Was there a difference in duration of /s/ with nares unoccluded versus occluded? What does this observation mean?

Increasing breath support may be necessary if (Select all that apply)

An RN is working in a busy emergency department.  Which task is appropriate for the RN to delegate to a licensed practical nurse (LPN)?

All of the following cues EXCEPT ______________________ would be provided to the patient to promote “clear speech.”

Mr. Sheridan, a 68-year-old male, presented with a 4-year history of progressive difficulty getting into and out of chairs and a 2-3 year history of speech difficulty. Walking was slow with shuffling steps. His handwriting had deteriorated and was hard to read. During the oral mechanism exam, lingual tremulousness on protrusion and during lateral movements was noted. No other deficits were noted. Conversational speech, reading, and repetition displayed a remarkable degree of dysfluency; characterized by rapid repetition of initial sounds, syllables, and occasional words and phrases. Articulation was moderately imprecise and overall pitch and loudness variability were reduced. Speech AMRs were rapid and accelerated. Prolonged “ah” was hoarse. What speaker-oriented treatment strategies might you recommend? (Select all that apply)

Ms. McCrea, a 35-year-old woman, with a history of a chronic progressive condition presented for consideration of thalamotomy to control severe bilateral upper limb tremor. Neurologic examination revealed hyperreflexia, pathologic reflexes, bilateral weakness, spasticity, impaired coordination, nystagmus, and severe resting postural and movement tremor. Neuropsychological assessment noted severe impairment of new learning and memory and generalized loss of intellectual abilities.  During the speech evaluation, she reported a 1-year history of progressive speech difficulty. She had reduced facial and lingual strength. Her speech was characterized by slow rate, irregular articulatory breakdowns, breathy-hoarse voice quality, and hypernasality with nasal emission. Speech intelligibility was significantly reduced. What type of dysarthria do you suspect?