Amino acids can enter cells against (up) their concentration gradients without the use of ATP by

When a severely dehydrated patient is brought to the hospital, an IV of “normal saline” (which is _______________ to cells) is started immediately. Distilled water is not used because _____________.

(1 point)  Is the sodium-potassium pump (a.k.a. the Na+-K+ ATPase) classified as a primary active transporter or a ligand-gated ion channel?  Explain why you think so.

Polypeptides (proteins) that are transported in vesicles are first made by

The difference between osmosis and simple diffusion is that

The _________ is an organelle of the endomembrane system that serves as a sort of “post office,” where some proteins are processed and sent to their destinations.

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is important to eukaryotic cells because it

(1 point)  Label the following organelles/structures of an animal cell: a. b. c. d.

(1 point) Large molecules cross the membrane in vesicles.  Identify (by it’s specific name!) and briefly describe the four mechanisms of moving large molecules in/out of the cell across the membrane using vesicles.  1. 2. 3. 4.

(1 point)  Identify two structures/features/parts that mitochondria have that support the endosymbiotic theory, which states that mitochondria evolved from free-living prokaryotic cells that got engulfed by a big cell.