1. Which of the following nutrients provides the most energy per gram?

An 84-year-old male with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (FEV1 20% predicted, on 4 L/min home O2) is admitted with severe hypoxemic respiratory failure due to a Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. He is intubated and placed on volume control-assist control ventilation with a set TV of 400 mL (6.5 mL/kg IBW), PEEP of 8 cm H2O and a respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute. When the paralytic used for intubation wears off, the patient is noted to be triggering additional spontaneous breaths with a total respiratory rate of 36 breaths per minute, and his exhaled TVs vary from 100 to 800 mL. During an end-expiratory pause, his airway pressure is 18 cm H2O. Which of the following is the MOST accurate statement regarding his ventilator settings?

8. What is the function of vitamin B12?  

A 67-year-old-male with bullous emphysema is scheduled for a bullectomy to prevent air-leak syndrome. The AG-ACNP knows which of the following patients would not be suited for a bullectomy:

A 67-year-old female with a medical history of COPD has been experienced increasing dyspnea, which is now more prominent at rest. She has a slight increase in sputum production for the last 3 days at home. Sputum remains clear to white. She is short of breath, but able to speak in full sentences. The patient’s last hospitalization for COPD was 3 years ago. WBC is 8,800/mm3, sodium 142 mmol/L, BUN 16 mg/dL, creatinine 0.9 mg/dL. Nasal swab for MRSA is negative. Based on these findings, what is the best treatment?

46. Which food should be avoided during pregnancy due to listeria risk?  

36. Which food is high in monounsaturated fat?  

43. What is the best way to prevent foodborne illness?  

48. Which food-medication interaction can cause hypertensive crisis?  

39. A nurse is teaching about vegetarian diets. Which nutrient should be monitored?