________ may result when preparation solutions are allowed to pool underneath the patient.

Resistance to pyrethrins in bed bugs can be conferred by mutations in up to five gene groups. Multiple genes are shown for some gene groups.  Researchers investigating this phenomenon compared a susceptible population (LA-1) to 23 resistant populations. Resistance is indicated by a gene expression value greater than the value for the susceptible strain for gene groups 1 through 4 and a yes for gene group 5.   1. Which one of these statements is true of the insights provided by the data they collected? [statements] 2. For LEX-9 bed bug population, how many gene groups show resistance to pyrethrin? [genegroups]

We removed juvenile sticklebacks from six lakes, with different water clarity levels. Average plate numbers of the adults found in each lake are listed in this table:  Different Lakes (in order of water clarity from cloudy to clear) Avg Plate # For Stickleback Adults Lake 1 8 Lake 2 13 Lake 3 15 Lake 4 18 Lake 5 20 Lake 6 23 We placed the juveniles we removed into a common garden reflecting Lake 2 conditions and determined the average plate count of these offspring. We plotted the average plate count for each adult from each lake (table above) versus their juvenile offspring raised in Lake 2 conditions.  Which graph below represents the expected result if offspring taken from all of the lakes were raised in a LAKE 2 common garden condition and the heritability (h2) of plate number is zero?  

You have determined through a series of common garden experiments that the genetic variance of a trait is 0.25 and the environmental variance of the trait is 0.75. What is the heritability value of this trait? The answer should be written in decimal form to two significant figures (ex. 0.33). h2 = Vg/(Vg + Ve)

Scientists calculated the maximum bat species richness observed in islands of various sizes between the Baja Peninsula (CA) and Mexico. The islands were grouped as southern (solid circles) and northern (open circles). The Baja Peninsula was considered the source population for these islands. Which statements below would be reasonable hypotheses to explain the data pattern below?   Frick et al. 2008. Island biogeography of bats in Baja California, Mexico: patterns of bat species richness in a near-shore archipelago. Journal of Biogeography. 35, 353–364.

Horseweed was the first weed reported to show resistance to the herbicide Roundup; it was discovered in Delaware in 2001.  Roundup has been used to treat weeds in agricultural fields since 1974. Horseweed infestations have been reported to reduce soybean yields by as much as 83%, so this resistance can have a significant economic effect. 1. Which of the following condition would biologist say was required for the evolution of Roundup resistance in this plant population? [condition] 2. The very first Roundup-resistant allele likely appeared in a plant population due to which evolutionary force? [variation]  

We removed juvenile sticklebacks from six lakes, with different water clarity levels. Average plate numbers of the adults found in each lake are listed in this table:  Different Lakes (in order of water clarity from cloudy to clear) Avg Plate # For Stickleback Adults Lake 1 8 Lake 2 13 Lake 3 15 Lake 4 18 Lake 5 20 Lake 6 23 We placed the juveniles we removed into a common garden reflecting Lake 1 conditions and determined the average plate count of these offspring. We plotted the average plate count for each adult from each lake (table above) versus their juvenile offspring raised in Lake 1 conditions.  Which graph below represents the expected result if offspring taken from all of the lakes were raised in a LAKE 1 common garden condition and the heritability (h2) of plate number is zero?

Please answer both questions associated with this figure. 1. Based upon the placement of these species on a Grime’s Life History classification, which species is most likely to be found in an environment that is farthest along in the process of succession? [letter]. 2. What would be the relative importance of the different axes for Species C? Use the following order: Competition, Disturbance, Stress. [importance].

The following N-cycling figure may be helpful to answer the following question regarding the N-cycle.

In Iberian Pied Flycatchers, a white forehead patch (WPS) is an ornament in males that varies in size. Male Pied Flycatchers receive parental care from both genetic and foster fathers.  Based upon the data shown in this figure, which of the following statements is true?  Choose all that apply.