[BLANK-1] was the French Prime Minister during WWI and was heavily involved in the peace process following the Triple Entente and the United States’ victory. More than any other international figure, he wanted severe reparations to be levied upon Germany due to their responsibility for starting the war. He demanded a peace that recognized the Allies’ victory and the Central Powers’ culpability. He went along with Woodrow Wilson’s vision for the post-war world, but was skeptical of its practicality. Regarding the Fourteen Points he remarked, “the good Lord only gave us ten, and do we abide by those?”

Founded in 1865 in Chicago and expanded in 1893, [BLANK-1] was America’s first department store. It fundamentally altered consumer habits in the United States and with its attractive displays, prefabricated and premade items, and sales, it helped make the country a mass consumer society.

  Albert Beveridge Albert Einstein Americanization Pageants The American Protective League The Army Beta Test   Baldwin-Felts Agents The Battle of Tannenberg The Battle of Verdun The Black Hand The Boxer Rebellion   The California Water Wars Charles J. Guiteau The Civilizing Mission Coxey’s Army Dadaism   The Depression of 1893 Dracula Dwight Moody The Election of 1896 The Election of 1912   Exodusters Georges Clemenceau Grigori Rasputin Hull House Ignatius Donnelly   The Immigration Act The Insular Cases J. G. Field The July Ultimatum The Lyrical Left   McKinleyism The National Association of Colored Women The National Defense Act The National Parks System Otto Dix   Passenger Pigeons The Poll Tax The Roosevelt Corollary Roscoe Conkling “Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion”   The Russian Civil War The Scopes Trial The Selective Service Act Surrealism The Texas Seed Bill Veto   A Trifle Embarrassed: U.S. Founding Asylum The U.S.S. Maine Vladimir Ilyich Lenin “What Would Jesus Do?” William Jennings Bryan  

The extinction of [BLANK-1], which once numbered in the billions in North America, brought attention to American conservation efforts. Women in Audubon Society chapters, particularly, organized against the use of animal parts in fashion. Pressures from such groups created national wildlife refuges and key laws and regulations which protected animal species during the Progressive Era.

Passed in 1862 during the presidency of Abraham Lincoln, [BLANK-1] was the most important element of western settlement. The federal government provided American settlers with free land if they agreed to cultivate the land and live on the land they acquired. 100,000s of settlers took advantage of this opportunity to receive 160 acres of free land in the west.

In 1882, congress passed [BLANK-1] which denied paupers, the mentally ill, convicted criminals, or those who threatened American national security from entering the country.

Companies employed the use of private detective agencies, such as [BLANK-1], to break strikes. These groups were essentially armed thugs and would try to provoke strikers into violence so local, state, and federal authorities could be called in on the side of capital. This group accomplished just such a feat when coal companies used them to stoke violence in the West Virginia Coal Wars.

The early decades of the twentieth century saw an increasing fascination with celebrities in America. One such celebrity was action film star [BLANK-1]. Tens of thousands of Americans would crowd around him as he attempted to sell liberty bonds during WWI and even more would routinely see him on the silver screen. His life also scandalized moral reformers. Many were shocked to hear that America’s Sweetheart, the film actress Mary Pickford, had divorced her husband and married this actor in 1920 (it was considered decidedly immoral at the time).

During the Great Depression, spontaneous shantytowns called [BLANK-1] sprang up all across America to house the chronically unemployed. Many were built on marginal lands just outside cities.

Figures like Boss Tweed and George Washington Plunkitt were associated with [BLANK-1], the corrupt political machine in New York City. The machine was tightly controlled and horrifically corrupt, typical of politics during the Gilded Age. While Gilded Age politicians (particularly in New York) were known for their corruption, they also proved to be at least moderately effective and helpful to their constituents.