Set out the two competing positions that Court has taken on the question of whether the 1st amendment’s free exercise clause requires that “religious exemptions” must be provided to people faced with a general law that restricts their ability to practice their religion.  

Which of the following best presents the Supreme Court’s current stance with respect to affirmative action policies?

Provide the following information on “Social Security” (Old Age, Survivors and Disability Insurance). A) How is the program funded? B) What are the basic eligibility requirements for receiving social security benefits? C) Why do economists predict that Social Security will face yearly budget deficits in the near future (assuming no changes are made to the program)? 

Prior to 2022 the Supreme Court had set forth four basic areas of personal behavior that fell under the right to privacy.  List those 4 areas and indicate which one the Court in 2022 ruled was incorrectly placed under the right to privacy (and hence is not behavior protected by that right).

There is a good chance that the Senate will not confirm the person President Trump has nominated to be his Secretary of Defense.   Name the person Trump has nominated for that post.  

Regarding the case of Obergefell v Hodges, answer the following questions. A) What, in general, was this case about? (the facts of the case) B) What was the Constitutional question in this case?  C) How did the Court rule, and why?

According to current rulings by the Supreme Court, the First Amendment does not protect which of the following types of speech?

Which organelle is primarily responsible for lipid synthesis and detoxification?

What is the main function of the large central vacuole in plant cells?

What are the three types of ventilators used for NIV?