Which of the following elements is necessary for proper conduction of nerve impulses and muscle contractions?

Refer to Figure 5.  This figure shows multiple organs of the digestive tract located in the abdominal cavity, but mechanical digestion begins in the mouth.  Name the specific accessory structures in the mouth that helps by crushing and grinding foods: [a] Be specific!

Refer to Figure 5.  The model labeled A shows a cross section of the stomach. Numbers 1 through 3 indicate important structures needed for the healthy function of this organ.  NAME the structure that would be located at #3:  [a] Briefly EXPLAIN the function of this structure: [b]

Refer to Figure 6.  This model shows four organs of the alimentary canal ‘stacked’ on top of each other to allow easy comparisons between these organs. For example, each of these organs shares the same types of tissue layers (labeled ‘a’ through ‘f’). But they also have major differences in their gross anatomy, such as the structures lining their lumens.  Consider these comparisons when answering the following questions. Each answer should be only 1-2 sentences or less.  1. What is the name for the shared digestive tissue layer that includes the labeled tissues b & c? [a] 2. What are the unique structures that are lining the lumen of organ 4? [b]

Refer to Figure 9.  Tissue sections A & B are from reproductive organs that play an important role in gamete formation. Although one is male and one is female, the cells in these organs have very similar functions.  For example, cell #3 and cell #6 are closely related to each other.  NAME each of these cells, and briefly explain what makes them similar.  Cell #3: [a] Cell #6: [b] How they are similar: [c]

Refer to Figure 5.  The model labeled A shows a cross section of the stomach. Numbers 1 through 3 indicate important structures needed for the healthy function of this organ.  NAME the structure that would be located at #2:  [a] Briefly EXPLAIN the function of this structure: [b]

Refer to Figure 7.  These tissue sections come from accessory organs of the digestive system, and the numbers indicate specific cells or cellular structures that are important to the function of this organ.  Which of these sections is from an organ that would be located primarily in the lower left hypochondriac and upper umbilical regions of the abdominal cavity?: [a] Which of these cellular structures carries material to another organ to aid lipid digestion?: [b] Which of these cellular structures would contain blood with the highest oxygen saturation? [c] Which of these are glandular epithelial cells that only have endocrine functions? [d]

Refer to Figure 9.  Tissue sections A & B are from reproductive organs that play an important role in gamete formation. Although one is male and one is female, the cells in these organs have very similar functions.  For example, cell #1 and cell #5 are closely related to each other.  NAME each of these cells, and briefly explain what makes them similar.  Cell #1: [a] Cell #5: [b] How they are similar: [c]

Refer to Figure 7.  These tissue sections come from accessory organs of the digestive system, and the numbers indicate specific cells or cellular structures that are important to the function of this organ.  Which of these sections is from an organ that would be located primarily in the lower left hypochondriac and upper umbilical regions of the abdominal cavity?: [a] Which of these cellular structures drains blood back to the heart after it passes through the digestive system and completes metabolic processing?: [b] Which of these cellular structures would contain blood with the highest oxygen saturation? [c] Which of these are glandular epithelial cells that only have exocrine functions? [d]

Refer to Figure 1.  The head model in sagittal view (A) has organs from both the respiratory and digestive tracts. Using your knowledge of these systems and the typical materials moving through these passageways, identify the TYPE OF EPITHELIUM that would be found at the numbered locations below Epithelium at Site 2:  [1] Epithelium at Site 5:  [2] Epithelium at Site 12:  [5]