Modern art during the Age of Anxiety turned increasingly abstract and non-representational. [BLANK-1] was a German-born artist who thrived during the Weimar Republic. He was heavily influenced by the horrors of World War I. His art was provocative, emotionally disturbing, and harshly satirical. In “Trench Warfare” (1923) he painted a landscape devoid of vegetation and ruined by the constant artillery shelling of the war. A ghastly grim reaper reaches his hand across the battlefield and a soldier wrapped in barbed wire rests with a gasmask on. His art was labeled “Degenerate Art” by Hitler and was banned. Some of his paintings were included in the Munich Degenerate Art Exhibition of 1937. He was arrested by the Gestapo and later forced into military service for the Nazis during the last months of WWII before being captured by the French and living out the rest of his life peacefully in post-Nazi Germany.

Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle highlighted the harsh labor conditions and unsanitary environment of [BLANK-1]. The book helped lead to positive governmental regulations of business.

The formation of a federal regulatory agency known as [BLANK-1] in 1887 was designed to limit the growing power of corporations during the Gilded Age. It was designed to prevent corporate favoritism by railroads, but it had limited enforcement mechanisms, and like much of the reform efforts of the Gilded Age it fell short of preventing the consolidation of power by large firms.

The federal government helped to facilitate and subsidize the settlement of the west. An 1862 law, [BLANK-1], exemplified that fact. With this law, the government gave bonds of between $16,000-48,000 for every mile of construction and provided vast land grants to companies.

A Siberian monk and mystic named [BLANK-1] (1869-1916) enraptured the ruling Romanov family in Russia before and during WWI. His influence was particularly strong in regards to Tsarina Alexandra, who believed that the mystic was the only one who could successfully treat her hemophiliac son, Alexei. This healer’s provincial appearance and bizarre behavior at court made him extremely unpopular with Russia’s ruling class and with the peasants, who felt that he was manipulating the Tsar and Tsarina. His presence at court and the Romanov family’s unfettered reliance on him contributed to negative perceptions about the royal family and helped catalyze the Russian Revolution of February 1917. A progressive bloc of elites and members of the high aristocracy murdered this Siberian man in December 1916. Rumors of the difficulty in killing him abound, as he was twice poisoned, shot three times, and drowned.

[BLANK-1] was the French Prime Minister during WWI and was heavily involved in the peace process following the Triple Entente and the United States’ victory. More than any other international figure, he wanted severe reparations to be levied upon Germany due to their responsibility for starting the war. He demanded a peace that recognized the Allies’ victory and the Central Powers’ culpability. He went along with Woodrow Wilson’s vision for the post-war world, but was skeptical of its practicality. Regarding the Fourteen Points he remarked, “the good Lord only gave us ten, and do we abide by those?”

Founded in 1865 in Chicago and expanded in 1893, [BLANK-1] was America’s first department store. It fundamentally altered consumer habits in the United States and with its attractive displays, prefabricated and premade items, and sales, it helped make the country a mass consumer society.

  Albert Beveridge Albert Einstein Americanization Pageants The American Protective League The Army Beta Test   Baldwin-Felts Agents The Battle of Tannenberg The Battle of Verdun The Black Hand The Boxer Rebellion   The California Water Wars Charles J. Guiteau The Civilizing Mission Coxey’s Army Dadaism   The Depression of 1893 Dracula Dwight Moody The Election of 1896 The Election of 1912   Exodusters Georges Clemenceau Grigori Rasputin Hull House Ignatius Donnelly   The Immigration Act The Insular Cases J. G. Field The July Ultimatum The Lyrical Left   McKinleyism The National Association of Colored Women The National Defense Act The National Parks System Otto Dix   Passenger Pigeons The Poll Tax The Roosevelt Corollary Roscoe Conkling “Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion”   The Russian Civil War The Scopes Trial The Selective Service Act Surrealism The Texas Seed Bill Veto   A Trifle Embarrassed: U.S. Founding Asylum The U.S.S. Maine Vladimir Ilyich Lenin “What Would Jesus Do?” William Jennings Bryan  

The extinction of [BLANK-1], which once numbered in the billions in North America, brought attention to American conservation efforts. Women in Audubon Society chapters, particularly, organized against the use of animal parts in fashion. Pressures from such groups created national wildlife refuges and key laws and regulations which protected animal species during the Progressive Era.

Passed in 1862 during the presidency of Abraham Lincoln, [BLANK-1] was the most important element of western settlement. The federal government provided American settlers with free land if they agreed to cultivate the land and live on the land they acquired. 100,000s of settlers took advantage of this opportunity to receive 160 acres of free land in the west.