What was a key characteristic of colonial identity emerging in the 18th century?

Which technology introduced by Europeans had an impact on Native American warfare?

Which agricultural practice originating from Indigenous peoples greatly influenced European diets after the Columbian Exchange?

Which disease was notably introduced to the Americas through the Columbian Exchange and had devastating effects on Indigenous populations?

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of the Columbian Exchange mentioned in Chapter 1?

One of the longstanding complaints against the Catholic Church, and one that Martin Luther took great exception to, was the practice of Catholic authorities selling [BLANK-1]. By the Late Middle Ages, Catholic priests, bishops, cardinals, and even popes took to selling these. They took many forms in reality, but they are best remembered as “golden tickets to heaven.” Believers could purchase these from church authorities and guarantee a spot in heaven for themselves or a loved one; they could even pay for a loved one who had already passed to get out of Purgatory with their purchase. Luther would argue that there was no scriptural basis for this practice and that it actually ran counter to the teachings of Jesus when he published his 95 Theses.

European voyages of discovery were largely fueled by the knowledge held in Muslim centers of learning in Africa and the Middle East (many classical texts had been lost during the Middle Ages in Europe). Great advancements in cartography and maritime navigation were fueled by the rediscovery of Ptolemy’s [BLANK-1] in 1410. The document was originally written around 150 C.E., but had been lost to Europeans for many centuries.

This is not truly an online course because I will be expected to take a proctored in person final exam.

A protégé of his patron, Lorenzo de’ Medici, Pico della Mirandola was a youthful prodigy and an example of humanist thought during the Italian Renaissance. In 1486, his most notable work, [BLANK-1], made an impassioned summary of peoples’ positive qualities and capacities for learning

[BLANK-1] occurred between 1315 and 1317 and was the result of poor harvests due to climate change and the Little Ice Age. It was a Malthusian Crisis that not only led to massive death in Europe, but also greatly weakened the immune system of survivors who would be devastated by the Great Death around thirty years later.