[BLANK-1] was a governmental model that developed in Ancient Greece. It typically occurred in periods of distress or unrest, when one man took over all power of the government in a polis. Although this one man held all the power of the government, he was not necessarily cruel or unjust, and sometimes used his power to benefit average citizens.

The complicated political relations between England and France were exacerbated when the Norman, William the Conqueror, defeated Harold Godwinson at [BLANK-1] in 1066 and claimed the English throne (essentially giving control of the English kingdom to a Frenchman). William was fortunate, as Harold Godwinson’s army had been depleted during a major battle against his brother and Norway’s King Harald Hardrada in the previous weeks.

An example of Ancient Assyria’s ferocity in war includes the campaigns of Assyrian king, [BLANK-1]. In the ninth century B.C.E., during his campaigns against Zamua, his soldiers slew the inhabitants of villages, destroyed the villages, and burned the villages and crops with fire.

Under the system of feudalism, vassals would be awarded for their service with a fiefdom – usually a landed estate known as a manor. The economic power of the warrior class rested on this manorial system, and peasants often worked the fields under a system known as manorialism. Commoners who were personally free but were bound to the land and unable to leave were known as [BLANK-1].

[BLANK-1] provided a detailed chronicle of the Franks in Europe in 1275-1276. The chronicler spoke of the fruitful Frankish lands and the courage of the Frankish soldiers, but deplored the mean character of the Franks and their filthy habit of avoiding baths.

Although Egyptian pharaohs were predominantly male, a handful of women ascended to the Egyptian throne (often having to display themselves with male features in art and iconography in order to justify their rule). Perhaps the most famous female Egyptian pharaoh was [BLANK-1]. She ruled as regent for her stepson, Thutmose III (who later tried to erase any record of her ever having ruled). During her reign she emphasized trading, sponsored artists and architects, and oversaw the building of a magnificent structure at Deir el Bahri.

One of the best examples of Hellenistic artwork was [BLANK-1]. In this sculpture, the Greek values of human dignity and emotion are on full display.

Part 3 Essay Question (40%): Your essay should have an introduction with a clear and specific thesis, a body with evidence, and a conclusion that reinforces your central argument. Select the option you feel the most comfortable with and answer it to the best of your ability. You may find it helpful to write out a brief outline of the essay before you begin writing.Choose ONE (1):Trace the rise and fall of the Tawantinsuyu Empire. What family was associated with the ruling class of this empire? Where did this empire settle and what allowed them to thrive in the area? Describe the social organizations of this empire and the methods its rulers used to enact effective rule. What helped to facilitate imperial expansion? Ultimately, what explains the decline and fall of the Tawantinsuyu civilization?When was the Medieval Chinese Economic Revolution and what allowed it to occur? What developments catalyzed the Medieval Chinese Economic Revolution and helped China develop into a dominant economic force? What was the Theory of the Dynastic Cycle and how did the Tang Dynasty defy this trend? Who dominated the ruling class during the Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty and why was this group of people an effective class of rulers?List and examine the causes of the Crusades. Who originally called for a Crusade and what were this person’s motivations? How did this person attract volunteers and what types of people engaged in the Crusades? In which Crusades were Europeans successful? Why? What Muslim figure reversed Christians’ fortunes during the Crusades and pushed Europeans out of the Holy Land? Which Crusades, in particular, were spectacular failures and why? Ultimately, did European Christians achieve the goals they set forth to accomplish during the crusades?

[BLANK-1] was the figure principally responsible for reshaping Athenian politics and shifting more power to the common people – a precursor to democracy. This Athenian was upset at the economic conditions that placed ordinary Athenians into slavery, and thus gave frequent speeches in the Agora. While Athenian elites initially opposed this person, the speaker was popular with common Athenians. This person was elected Archon and made changes that led directly to Athenian democracy.

Muslim rule in Medieval India practiced a form of accommodation with many Indian customs and religions. For example, Hindus came to be viewed as protected peoples (alongside Christians and Jews) and non-Muslims could live peacefully (though in separate spheres) alongside Muslims by paying an additional tax for non-Muslims called the [BLANK-1].