(01.03 MC) During upwelling, nutrient-rich water rises to the surface. How would this most likely affect the biotic components of the ecosystems where the upwelling is taking place? (3 points)

(01.03 HC) The Marianas trench contains Challenger Deep, the deepest point in the ocean floor that we know of today. Challenger Deep is located over 11,000 meters below the ocean surface. What ocean zone would be located just above the floor of Challenger Deep? (3 points)

(01.02 HC) Scientists have believed for many years that water pressure increases as water depth increases. What experimental method would best test this hypothesis, and why? (3 points)

(02.06 MC) What is one way atmospheric nitrogen can be changed into ammonia? (3 points)

(01.03 HC) Why would a fish that lives in the bathypelagic zone lack a swim bladder, and what adaptations would help it maintain neutral buoyancy? (3 points)

(01.02 MC) A marine scientist in California wants to study the habitat of Atlantic blue crab, a species of crab found around the Chesapeake Bay. How can he best study the habitat of these organisms? (3 points)

(01.01 MC) A biologist observes that ocean temperature decreases with increasing depth and concludes that deep sea creatures are superior animals because they can survive in harsher environmental conditions. Why is this an invalid scientific conclusion? (3 points)

(01.03 MC) If an aquatic animal relies on photosynthesis to survive, in which ocean zone would it be most successful? (3 points)

(02.05 HC) The illustration below represents the global conveyor belt, which is a collection of ocean currents that cycle water around the oceans. © 2016 NASA.gov What does the global conveyor belt reveal about the connectivity of water in the oceans? How could a change in the path of the global conveyor belt impact the biodiversity of ocean ecosystems? (5 points)

(01.03 LC) What causes waves to occur in the ocean? (3 points)