A 4-year-old cries for 5 minutes when the parents leave the child at preschool. The parents ask the nurse, “What should we do?” What is the nurse’s best response?

A 17-year-old male with ADHD and a history of juvenile detention for theft is evaluated for pharmacologic management of inattentiveness. He admits to past misuse of prescription stimulants obtained from peers. The prescriber is considering methylphenidate. Which nursing action best reflects safe, legally compliant prescribing of this medication given its classification under the Controlled Substances Act?

The nurse is caring for a client with Hepatitis A. Which client statements indicate that teaching conducted by the nurse about disease transmission was effective? Select all that apply.

A 55-year-old male with a history of major depressive disorder, type 2 diabetes, and chronic pain reports persistent nonrestorative sleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, and increased fatigue. He denies loud snoring or restless legs but notes worsening mood, glucose fluctuations, and frequent nighttime awakenings. Based on this presentation, which interpretation best reflects the clinical significance of comorbid sleep disorders?

A 23-year-old woman from East Africa presents to the clinic with recurrent urinary tract infections, dyspareunia, and difficulty with childbirth. Physical examination reveals extensive scarring and partial fusion of the labia majora with a small opening for urination and menstruation. She discloses that this procedure was performed during childhood as part of a cultural ritual. Which nursing action demonstrates the most evidence-based and culturally competent care?

Which action by the nurse violates the civil rights of a psychiatric client? The nurse (Select all that apply.)

A 35-year-old male with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder has failed multiple antidepressant trials due to either lack of efficacy or intolerable side effects. The psychiatric nurse practitioner reviews the results of pharmacogenetic testing, which reveal that the patient is a poor metabolizer of the CYP2D6 enzyme. The provider considers changing his current prescription of fluoxetine to a different antidepressant.Based on the patient’s pharmacogenetic profile, which of the following clinical decisions best reflects an evidence-based understanding of CYP450 enzyme variation?

A nurse is providing education to a 17-year-old adolescent undergoing gender-affirming hormone therapy. Which statement by the nurse best demonstrates an accurate understanding of the physiological and psychosocial effects of testosterone and estrogen therapy in transgender patients?

An individual says to the nurse, “I feel so stressed out lately. I think the stress is affecting my body also.” Which somatic complaints are most likely to accompany this feeling? (Select all that apply.)

A 68-year-old hospitalized patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) reports severe daytime fatigue despite spending 8 hours in bed each night. The nurse reviews the patient’s overnight polysomnography, which shows frequent arousals during NREM sleep and multiple brief awakenings without full consciousness. Which physiological mechanism most accurately explains the patient’s persistent fatigue?