Determine the required splice length for the galvanized longitudinal bars in the following tied column made of lightweight concrete. Assume that some of the longitudinal bars are in tension and that the connection should be designed as a Class B contact lap splice. Use ACI 318-14 Table 25.4.2.2 to calculate the development length, and assume that the ties satisfy the Code minimum.Column width, b = 22 in.Column thickness, h = 20 in.Clear cover to ties = 1.5 in.Number of longitudinal bars = 4Size of longitudinal bars = No. 8Size of ties = No. 3Concrete strength = 7,500 psiYield strength of longitudinal bars = 60,000 psiYield strength of ties = 40,000 psi

The result of spacing ties more closely together is _______ lateral resistance and _______ danger of buckling.

Spirals are normally made from Grade-_____ steel.

ACI 318-14 Section 25.2.3 requires distance between longitudinal bars not be less than _______.

When a column is under compression, the column shortens and expands laterally.

Weakening of concrete near the top of a column is due to upward migration of water in the fresh concrete.

In nonseismic areas, tied columns are used more extensively.

In tall buildings, lower strength concrete is generally used in the columns to reduce their size.

Uneven compaction of the concrete across the width of a section can cause eccentricities in columns.

In a typical construction cycle, the reinforcement and concrete for the columns are placed after the reinforcement and concrete for the beams and slabs in a floor system above it.