Studies by Baillargeon and her colleagues using violation-of-expectation techniques have provided some evidence that infants’ knowledge of objects:

Social learning theory extends the ideas of behaviorism by:

Children often attribute humanlike properties to all living things.

No-nonsense parenting is characterized by a mixture of high parental control, including physical restraint and punishment, and low affection.

Sternberg’s “triarchic” theory of intelligence proposes that there are three kinds of intelligences:

Formal education is the most structured type of explicit education.

Rejected children are more likely to be aggressive than are controversial children.

Infants progress through stages of cooing, babbling, and then jargoning before they are able to produce words.

Claire wants to remember the list of items her best friend wants for her birthday, so she will know what to buy her friend at the toy store. By clustering the items into categories such as “Barbie stuff,” “books,” and “art supplies,” Claire is using what strategy to help her remember?

Piaget called the period of cognitive development that occurs during early childhood the preoperational stage.