Upload your answers to these questions. Outline the synthesis of the ketone body, acetoacetate, which forms in the liver under fasting conditions. It is formed in three steps. Include all substrate and product names and structures, enzyme names, and any necessary cofactors or coenzymes. (5 pts.) For the last step in the synthesis of acetoacetate, draw the arrow pushing mechanism for the reaction and identify which reaction in glycolysis it is parallel to. (3 pts.)  Ketone bodies are exported from the liver and utilized as an energy source by the extra-hepatic tissues. The brain, which normally utilizes glucose as its energy source, can, under fasting conditions, partially convert to using ketone bodies over the course of a few days. Show how a molecule of the ketone body, -hydroxybutyrate, produced in the liver and exported via the blood to the brain, is utilized for energy production and what advantage this compound has over acetoacetate in terms of cellular energy production. You may use compound names instead of structures. Enzyme names are not necessary. Include any necessary cofactors for full points. (3 pts.) 

You are required to show the front and back of each scratch paper (must be loose-leaf paper; up to 10 sheets) on camera recorded by Honorlock NOW. DO NOT show it in a stack. WARNING: Honorock does not record the precheck, so the procedure must be performed now. This is necessary to verify that no unauthorized matrials are being used. Failure to comply will result in a zero grade. Note: You may use blank paper, lined paper or a whiteboard for your scratch work.

Oxygen-Hemoglobin dissociation curves suggest that oxygen saturation of heme increases within blood vessels that are passing through highly active tissues where partial pressure of oxygen is lower.

Digestion of what type of molecule would be adversely effected by a malfunction of the salivary glands that prevented amylase production?

Fill in the blank with the usted and ustedes command form of the verb provided. Example:  You read:  Don Carlos, (cerrar) la ventana.                   You write:  cierre   Don Adrián, (levantarse) _________________ de ese sillón.  

Upload your answers to these questions. In gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate can be converted in a single step in the matrix of the mitochondria to an intermediate, which is not the final, but the penultimate (next to last) compound in glycolysis. Show this reaction. Draw the structure and name(s) of the product(s) of this reaction and give the name(s) or acceptable abbreviation(s) of any necessary cofactor(s) or co-reactants for the reaction, as well as the name of the enzyme that catalyzes this reaction. (3 pts.) When cytosolic NADH is insufficient to run the GAP dehydrogenase reaction in reverse, oxaloacetate can also be converted to the same penultimate glycolysis intermediate in the cytosol instead of in the matrix. Outline the set of reactions in this case, beginning with oxaloacetate in the mitochondrial matrix and ending with the formation of the penultimate glycolysis intermediate in the cytosol. Structures or names or acceptable abbreviations of compounds and cofactors are sufficient, but all substrates and cofactors must have either a structure or name given. (4 pts.)  Oxaloacetate connects to fatty acid biosynthesis via the reaction that forms the shuttle compound responsible for transferring fatty acid building blocks from the mitochondrial matrix to the cytosol. Draw out the reaction that synthesizes this shuttle compound. Draw the structure and name of the product(s) of the reaction and give the name(s) or acceptable abbreviation(s) of any necessary cofactor(s) or co-reactants for the reaction. (3 pts.) 

Which tense of a verb is used to: Narrate a series of past actions or events.

Chief cells secrete pepsin

The expression:  Juan trabajó por su padre   means…

Complete the following statement using this word bank:  cocinar, alcoba, pared, pasillo, sillon, alfombra, estufa, almohada, sotano, limpiar la casa, horno, comedor.  HINT:  The word bank is not in the order in which the spaces appear on statement.  Two words will not be used.   In our house we walk on the [alfombra1] and put our pictures on the [pared2].  We sit on a [sillon3] and when we sleep we put our heads on the [almohada4].  We like to [limpiarlacasa5] in spring; and [cocinar6] a good meal on the weekends.  We use the [estufa7] to cook and the [horno8] to bake, and we eat our meals in the [comedor9].  But our favorite activity is to go to our [alcoba10] and read a good book in bed.