Essay Question 1: Was This a Lawful Stop? Officer Lopez is patrolling a neighborhood known for recent car burglaries. She notices Jordan, a 19-year-old male, walking near parked cars and occasionally looking inside them. When Jordan sees the patrol car, he quickly changes direction and walks away. Officer Lopez decides to stop him and ask what he’s doing. Jordan refuses to answer and asks if he’s free to leave. Officer Lopez tells him to stay put while she pats him down for weapons.  She finds a long knife in his back pants pocket with what appears to be pry marks on the knife blade. She handcuffs him and conducts a record check. The record check reveals that Jordan has a misdemeanor warrant for his arrest.  Was this a lawful stop under the Fourth Amendment? What legal standard applies, and what court case(s) might be relevant?

The Fourteenth Amendment introduced the concepts of due process and equal protection.

The process of applying the Bill of Rights to the states is called:

Explain two major differences between jails and prisons. Describe one challenge that correctional facilities face today.

In which case did the Supreme Court rule on the need for a warrant and establish that evidence obtained through unlawful searches and seizures cannot be used in court?

Probable cause is required to make an arrest.

The Fourth Amendment was part of the original U.S. Constitution.

The Sixth Amendment guarantees protection against unreasonable searches and seizures.

Under the “special needs” exception, public employees can be subject to warrantless drug testing in which of the following situations?

Which of the following actions requires probable cause?