When the steel ratio is small, flexural cracks extend higher into the beam and open wider.

Compute φVn for the cross section shown. Assume f’c = 3,000 psi, fyt = 60,000 psi, d = 22 in., w = 12.5 in., t = 6 in., and that there are four No. 7 longitudinal tension bars and No. 5 stirrups at 9 in. o.c.

The b in VQ/Ib represents _______.

For a beam with stirrup hooks, the free end of the bar must extend at least _____ from the hook. Assume b1 = 26 in., b2 = 10 in., d1 = 8 in., d2 = 13 in., and that there are three No. 7 longitudinal tension bars and No. 3 stirrups at 12 in. o.c. The stirrup hooks are 90°.

For a beam with stirrup hooks, the free end of the bar must extend at least _____ from the hook. Assume b1 = 26 in., b2 = 10 in., d1 = 8 in., d2 = 13 in., and that there are three No. 7 longitudinal tension bars and No. 3 stirrups at 12 in. o.c. The stirrup hooks are 90°.

If φVc = 75 kip and Vu = 55 kip, are stirrups required?

A 115-mm-long beam supports a load of P = 26 N at midspan. The cross section is rectangular with width b = 30 mm and height h = 45 mm. Determine the magnitude of the horizontal shear stress at the centroid of the cross section.

The easiest way to test the bond strength of bars in a laboratory is by the pull-out test.

A 124-mm-long beam supports a load of P = 48 N at midspan. The cross section is rectangular with width b = 25 mm and height h = 40 mm. Determine the magnitude of the horizontal shear stress at the centroid of the cross section.

For a beam with stirrup hooks, the free end of the bar must extend at least _____ from the hook. Assume b = 16 in., d = 25 in., and that there are four No. 8 longitudinal tension bars and No. 4 stirrups at 10 in. o.c. The stirrup hooks are 135°.