Which of the following is present when diagnosing respiratory failure? (Multiple Answers)  PaO2 55 mm Hg, FIO2 .21, PB 760 mm Hg  PaCO2 58 mm Hg, FIO2 .21, PB 760 mm Hg  P(A-a)O2 45 mm Hg, FIO2 .21, PB 760 mm Hg  PaO2/FIO2 400, FIO2 ,21 PB 760 mm Hg

Which of the following can cause hypoxemia? (Multiple Answers)    

What is the normal P(A–a)O2 range while breathing room air? 25 mm Hg to 50 mm Hg 10 mm Hg to 25 mm Hg less than 10 mm Hg greater than 25 mm Hg

A 25-year-old female is admitted to the ER with spontaneous VT of 450 ml and a RR of 25 bpm.  Her ABG’s show a pH 7.46, PaCO2 32 mm Hg and PaO2 50 mm Hg on room air. Which of the following is the best recommendation for this patient at this time?  1 L/min O2 via nasal cannula.  High flow nasal cannula with oxygen at 50%.   IS and CPT Q2 hours with continuous aerosol at 30% FiO2.  Intubate and place on mechanical ventilator.

Which of the following modes of ventilatory support would you recommend for an alert hypoxemic patient with congestive heart failure? Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)  Intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) Pressure-control ventilation (PCV) Pressure-assist ventilation (PAV)

In intubated patients, which of the following sources can impose increased work of breathing? (Multiple Answers)  endotracheal tube  auto-PEEP  chest tube  gastric tube  

A 34-year-old male admitted to the emergency department with lung contusions and presents with the following ABG results breathing FIO2 .40: pH            7.50 PaCO2     28 mm Hg PaO2       45 mm Hg HCO3‾    23 mEq/L Which of the following best describes this patient’s condition?

Al of the following strategies can help reduce auto-PEEP in mechanically ventilated patients with obstructive lung disease except:1.  Use high inspiratory flows (70 to 100 L/min).2.  Apply extrinsic PEEP.3.  Use low VT values (6 to 8 ml/kg).4.  Use high respiratory rates (>25/min).

Which of the following measures taken on adult patients indicate unacceptably high ventilatory demands or work of breathing?  VD/VT of .35  MIP of -80 cm H2O  VE of 20 L/mins  Breathing rate of 20/min

All of the following would tend to cause hypercapnic respiratory failure except:  COPD  drug overdose/sedation  muscular dystrophy  smoke inhalation