Cyclosporin A and rapamycin are each used as T cell immunosuppressants. They share the property of binding to immunophilin molecules in T cells as the initial step in their mechanisms of action. Rapamycin:immunophilin complex binds to and inhibits mTOR. As a consequence,

Most individuals’ contact with poison ivy includes the development of redness, swelling, blistering and itching. If one intended to transfer this response from a sensitized to a naive individual, one would transfer which of the following?

A Treg cell has encountered its self antigen on an antigen-presenting cell. This Treg cell then inhibits neighboring T cells by producing

Which of the following events could prevent sensitization to an allergen during a first exposure?

Which of the following results best supports the hygiene hypothesis?

All routes of vaccination successfully elicit virtually identical immune responses

What is the difference between the heavy chain in B cells and the β (beta) chains in T cells?

Match the following mechanisms of action with the immunosuppressive drug 

Multiple mechanisms provide a series of checkpoints that function to maintain immunological self-tolerance. A breakdown in any one of these mechanisms is likely to lead to autoimmunity.  

Class II MHC molecules do not bind Class I peptides during assembly due to the prescence of: