In Piaget’s terminology, sensorimotor stage two is described as:

A high degree of cellular heterogeneity is the primary reason that chemotherapy fails to cure patients with late-stage (stage III and IV) carcinomas.

No clinical trial can ever be run without the prior permission of the responsible Institutional Review Board (IRB).

All of the following are advantages of using proton beam radiation as a form of local therapy, EXCEPT:

The cancer prevention measure that would have the largest impact in reducing cancer worldwide is smoking cessation.

The predictive value of (confidence in) a diagnostic test is increased as the number of false results produced by the test is decreased.

All of the following phenomena occur in malignant neoplasms EXCEPT:

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans can detect variations in the glucose metabolism of a cancer as well as its size and shape.

All of the following statements about chemotherapy are true EXCEPT:

Principles of cancer surgery with curative intent include all of the following EXCEPT: