In the endogenous pathway for plasma lipoprotein transport, what lipoprotein is produced in the liver for delivery of cholesterol and cholesteryl esters to extrahepatic tissues (i.e., muscle, adipose)?

The compound rotenone has seen wide use as a rat poison. As an inhibitor, rotenone binds and blocks electron transport at Complex I of the electron transport chain (ETC). What are the consequences to electron transport when this inhibitor is introduced into cells?

The nurse is monitoring a patient in the active stage of labor. Which conditions associated with fetal compromise should the nurse report?  Select all that apply…

In an experimental system for the study of the electron transport chain, electrons can be supplied by adding ascorbate as an artificial electron donor. When using ascorbate in these experiments it is necessary to include an electron acceptor such as TMPD (an intermediate electron acceptor) that accepts electrons from ascorbate and can then donate electrons to cytochrome c. When using this experimental system it would be possible to transfer electrons directly to which complex?

Crib death of infants when fasting (i.e., when sleeping and not eating – therefore a low blood glucose condition) is also known as sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). SIDS was often blamed on lack of proper care by the parents of the child. It is now known that a significant number of SIDS cases are caused by a genetic defect in the gene that codes for fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in fatty acid β-oxidation (see question 34 for this reaction). If this enzyme is defective, energy from fatty acids is not available and, in addition, gluconeogenesis is inhibited resulting in severe and life-threatening hypoglycemia (low blood glucose). Why the hypoglycemia?

In a cell when oxygen (O2) is limited, NAD+  levels decrease inhibiting the activities of several enzymes including the PDH complex. What other enzymes would be inhitibed by low levels of NAD+?

In glycolysis, the reaction sequence between dihydroxyacetone phosphate and 2-phosphoglycerate involves all of the following EXCEPT:

Glucagon released during periods of low blood glucose among its other effects also activates the gene transcription for the gene that encodes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. The carbon flux through which pathway will be increased by increased levels of glucagon?

Avidin is a protein found in the eggs of birds that binds biotin with high affinity and is a strong inhibitor of biotin-requiring enzymes (recall that biotin is a necessary coenzyme for CO2 transfers). You perform an experiment using liver cells that are capable of gluconeogenesis growing in culture. You add each of the following (answers A, B, C, D, or E) as potential substrates (assume each is readily transported into the cell and/or mitochondria) and you measure the amount of glucose synthesized and record in your lab book that all these substrates will support glucose synthesis. For your test cultures, you add each of the substrates (answers A, B, C, D, or E) and include avidin in each culture. You measure the levels of glucose synthesized and record this in your lab book. Which substrate will NOT support synthesis of glucose in the presence of avidin?

What liver enzyme, based on its kinetic properties (i.e., not inhibited by its product and a high Km), has a controlling influence over blood glucose levels after eating a meal?