The understanding required for informed consent is the same as simply being told the risks and benefits.

Beneficience in medical ethics refers to the moral obligation to promote the well-being of others.

match correctly, please.

A researcher violates the principle of nonmaleficence if they knowingly expose participants to unnecessary risks.

When a patient cannot make their own medical decisions, a surrogate is chosen based on:

Surrogate decision-making is only necessary for patients in a permanent vegetative state.

PAS or physician assisted suicide differs from euthanasia in that:

RDE stands for the Regnancy of Double Effect.

Generally, physicians are allowed to withdraw medical care when they think a natural death will occur– in other words, the physician does not kill the patient because it is the natural conditions that cause death.

Using active means to bring about death is exemplified by Oregon’s Death with Dignity Act which allows physicians to write lethal doses of medication at a patient’s request.