[MidA] During a staff training, the behavior analyst (BA) teaches the task-analyzed skill of conducting a preference assessment. The BA asks for a volunteer to help demonstrate, and a participant, Gavin, raises his hand. The BA asks Gavin to come to the front while she demonstrates the skill. She then asks Gavin to demonstrate the skill while she provides prompts and to practice with feedback in front of the class. After the demonstration, the BA conducts a pretest of each participant’s percent of accurate steps on the skill without additional prompts or practice. Next, she provides training using prompts and practice with feedback, followed by another skill test post-training. The BA noticed that Gavin scored higher than most other participants on his pre-test and post-test. This difference in test performance between Gavin and the other participants is most likely an example of what type of threat to internal validity?

[MidA] Miranda is a 2-year-old learning sign language but has poor fine motor ability. A physical therapist starts working with Miranda to strengthen her muscles and fine motor control. A few years later, Miranda is now performing her signs clearly to others and can better communicate with those around her. Which of the following is most likely an example of maturation effects in this scenario?

[MidA] Patsy is in a high-school special education class with other students with various diagnoses. Patsy is friendly and loves to laugh and tell jokes to others but often mentions that she is lonely and wants a friend. At lunch in the cafeteria with the entire student body, she often sits alone while some students tease her, and others just ignore her. Given this information, which of the following would be considered the most socially valid outcome/result for Patsy?

[MidA] Maya wants to get her driver’s license so she can commute to school and eventually buy her own car. To reach this goal, she must first complete a driver’s education course, practice driving with a permit under supervision, and pass the road test. After getting her license, she plans to drive regularly to school and work to build confidence before purchasing her own vehicle. Which of the following is a short-term objective for Maya in this scenario?

[MidA] Which of the following is an example of a functional response definition?

[MidA] Pat begins mowing his lawn in the morning 20 minutes after his wife asks him to. It takes Pat about an hour to mow his front and back lawn before he goes inside for lunch. He typically mows his lawn four times a month. Which part of this scenario exemplifies the fundamental property of repeatability?

[MidA] Karla works as a salesperson at an automobile dealership that sells sporty cars, family sedans, vans, and pick-up trucks. George, the owner, wants his salespeople to sell more “extra features” on the vehicles they sell. George offers a $500 bonus to whichever salesperson sells the most extra features each month. The first month, Karla sells the most extra features and receives the bonus. Karla now tends to sell more extra features on each automobile she is selling. In the third month of the incentive program, this year’s new car models arrive to the dealership. During the fourth month of the program, Karla sells the fewest extra features of any salesperson at the dealership. Which of the following is most likely to be an extraneous variable in this scenario?

[MidB] Any response that occurs after the onset of a demand to complete a task and results in the demand being withdrawn. This is an example of a(n):

[MidA] An OBM specialist is consulting at a local restaurant to improve employee accuracy when packaging customer orders. They plan to evaluate whether task clarification is more effective than feedback delivery in improving the accuracy of packaging orders. Which type of analysis is this an example of?

[MidA] Which of the following is an example of a restricted (discriminated) operant response?