[BLANK-1] was an agricultural system in which landless farmers worked another’s land for a “share” of the crop.

Write on ONE (1) of the following essays. An Essay should be three to five paragraphs long and include an introduction, discussion of historical facts, and conclusion. (This essay is worth a possible 40 points, do not skip this portion of the exam!!)1. Explain the various mechanisms used to keep freed slaves from attaining full     political and social equality following the civil war. 2. Discuss the many consequences of American westward expansion, specifically     as it pertained to immigrants and Native Americans.

In the essay box below, paste your IPA transcription of this speaker’s production of the 5 words indicated below. Include diacritics if phonemes alone aren’t sufficient to accurately represent the production of the target.   Female Speaker from Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin: words to transcribe:  Stella, store, Bob, bags, train [The same audio is available in two different formats. Both are identical. Please listen to whichever one you like.]  

In the essay box below, paste your IPA transcription reflecting what you hear for the second production of this word using narrow transcription with one diacritic only. [When you listen to the recording, I’m intentionally contrasting the diacritic difference, so listen for what diacritic would best represent the difference in these two productions. The same audio is available in two different formats. Both are identical, so please listen to whichever one works best.]      

In the essay box below, paste your IPA transcription of this speaker’s production of the 5 words indicated below. Include diacritics if phonemes alone aren’t sufficient to accurately represent the production of the target.   Female speaker from Brooklyn, New York words to transcribe:  call, ask, store, snack, bags [The same audio is available in two different formats. Both are identical. Please listen to whichever one you like.]  

EXTRA CREDIT:  Worth up to 3 points Based on your above transcription of the word “spoons,” said by the woman from Puebla, Mexico, please identify the phonological process that is occurring.   

Short Response. Respond briefly to each question below with 3-5 sentences. (3pts each x 3 = 9pts)  Name and explain TWO of the components of cultural competence.   What does “small C” refer to? Explain and provide one example.    What are the 3 Ps of culture? Explain and provide an example of each. 

B. Concepts. Respond to the following questions according to the instructions provided. Multiple Choice. Select the option that best answers each question / completes each statement. (1pt each x 7 = 7pts)  1. Which of the following could be considered a manifestation of personalismo? [1]      a. making a concerted effort to establish a personal connection with those you meet at work      b. customizing services to a client’s specific needs      c. allowing those with more power to ignore certain company policies 2. Which of the following could be considered a manifestation of particularismo? [2]      a. some colleagues are only willing to work with the most senior members of the team      b. when you and a colleague call HR to ask about steps to follow for travel expenses, your colleague is told they             can claim reimbursements that you were told are off limits      c. making sure that you greet everyone individually when you enter a meeting 3. Which of the following could be an example of individualismo? [3]      a. preferring to work independently at work      b. helping a family member obtain a position at the company you work for.      c. feeling offended or disrespected because your supervisor did not recognize your contribution to boosting sales           this quarter 4. Which two terms does the U.S. census use interchangeably? [4]      a. Latin America / Hispanic America      b. Hispanic / Latino      c. Latinx / Latine 5. Which of the following is NOT part of the definition of culture as discussed in class? [5]      a. Place      b. Time      c. Policies 6. Due to certain cultural concepts such as machismo, ___[6]___ can be more rigid and traditional in LatAm.      a. management structures      b. gender roles      c. social classes 7. In Latin America, a preference for more personal space can be seen as…[7]      a. cold / impersonal      b. being respectful      c. personalismo

A. Terms. Select the description that best corresponds to each term. (1pt each x 10 = 10pts) 

Determine the number of all possible outcomes of guessing the last four digits in a telephonenumber if repetition among the four digits is allowed.