A 58-year-old woman with a history of poorly controlled diabetes presents with altered mental status and deep, rapid respirations. Laboratory studies reveal a high anion gap metabolic acidosis. After confirming the elevated anion gap, which of the following is the most appropriate next step in acid-base analysis, and why is this step clinically important?
Read DetailsAssessing for elder abuse is imperative with every geriatric encounter and knowledge of risks factors important for the AGACNP to understand and assist in the identification of opportunities for prevention. Which of the following statements is correct?
Read DetailsA 65-year-old man is admitted to the ICU with septic shock. He is hypotensive despite initial fluid resuscitation. The team is considering further intravenous fluids. Which of the following statements best describes the differences between crystalloid and colloid solutions, including their indications and contraindications?
Read DetailsA 54-year-old man presents to the emergency department with acute traumatic brain injury and evidence of cerebral edema on CT scan. He is intubated and sedated. Which of the following intravenous fluids is most appropriate for the acute management of his cerebral edema?
Read DetailsA 72-year-old woman presents with confusion and serum sodium of 122 mmol/L. She recently started sertraline for depression and is also taking carbamazepine for trigeminal neuralgia. Which of the following medications is most likely responsible for her hyponatremia due to SIADH?
Read DetailsA 72-year-old patient in septic shock receives 4 liters of NS over 6 hours. She develops increasing dyspnea, elevated JVP, and diffuse crackles. Labs show: Na 150 mEq/L, Cl 120 mEq/L, HCO₃ 18 mEq/L, lactate 1.0. Which complication of fluid therapy is most likely?
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