Aortic Cannulation Step 4 – An incision is made into the aorta between the purse-string sutures with a #15 blade, and the metal, bevel-ended tip of the aortic cannula is placed into the arteriotomy

Aortic Cannulation Step 1- There are traction sutures placed into the pericardium and secured to the retractor or chest wall

Hardening and thickening of the arterial walls due to fatty deposits on the inner lining (atherosclerosis), calcification, or thickening of the muscular wall of the arteries from chronic hypertension defines _________________. 

Aortic stenosis should be considered severe, warranting aortic valve replacement, if:

Aortic Cannulation –  The red rubber catheters are cut into how many inches

According to the ASE’s 17 segment model, a wall that becomes hyperkinetic with stress should receive a score of ___.

Intravascular ultrasound provides information that helps determine which angioplasty procedure would be best to treat blockage.

What is the primary complication of an aortic valvulosplasty?

Venous Cannulation – Step 4 – A 3 stage venous cannula that drains blood from the right atrium, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus is inserted, and the red rubber catheter is cinched loosely over the purse-string suture securing the cannula

A heat pump is used to heat a home during the winter. The heat pump extracts heat from the outside air at a temperature of -5 degrees Celsius and delivers it to the inside air at 20 degrees Celsius. The heat pump operates with a coefficient of performance (COP) of 3.5. Calculate the Carnot COP for a heat pump operating between -5 C and 20 C and compare it to the given COP.