Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were collected simultaneously from a 40 year old female and the following results were obtained: Serum Reference Range CSF Reference Range Total      Protein 8.0 g/dL (6.0 – 8.3) Total Protein 50 mg/dL (15 – 40) Albumin 4.0 g/dL (3.4 – 5.4) Albumin 20 mg/dL (10 – 30) Alpha 1 Region 0.3 g/dL (0.2 – 0.4) IgG/Alb Index 1.5 (0.3 – 0.7) Alpha 2 Region 0.7 g/dL (0.5 – 0.9) Beta Region 0.9 g/dL (0.6 – 1.1) Gamma region 1.2 g/dL (0.8 – 1.5) From this data, which of the following conclusions can be made?

Identification of which of the following is useful for the detection of early stages of glomerular dysfunction?

Where are most plasma proteins produced?

Aldosterone decreases the excretion of this electrolyte:

Which of the following proteins is NOT manufactured by the liver?

About 70% of the ultrafiltrate passing through the glomerulus is reabsorbed in the:

Which of the following statements best describes urea?

Which of the following conditions would cause an elevated serum urea level?

When urea is increased, the urea/creatinine ratio is normal when the cause is

Which hormone directly affects the retention of body water?