DIRECTIONS: Choose the best option to complete each sentence. Write ONLY the letter in the blank.    1. An abstract idea is about something like [1] . a. plans for Saturday night b. love or beauty     2. If you acknowledge your mistakes, you  [2] . a. pretend they never happened b. accept them and try to do better     3. When a company dismisses 600 employees, they [3]. a. are no longer employed there b. all get substantial raises     4. If you imitate someone, [4] . a. you record what they do b. you copy what they do     5. If you master the martial art of tae kwon do, you [5]  a. are an expert of it b. stop at the beginner level because it’s too hard  

In regards to the structure of microtubules in cilia, you would expect to find the [A] arrangements at the tip, the [B] arrangement in the transitional zone, and the [C] arrangement in the basal body.   Word bank – just use the number associated with each selection: 1 = 9 doublets only. 2 = 9 triplets. 3 = 9 triplets + 2 central singlets. 4 = 9 doublets + 2 central singlets

Fill in the blanks:   Cell motility in lamellipodia and filopodia involves the polymerization of [1] at the leading edge of the cell to extend the membrane, and contraction by [2] motor proteins at the rear to pull the cell body forward. This coordinated action is regulated by small GTPases like [3] that control cytoskeletal dynamics. Word bank (spell them exactly as shown here): rho, dynein, myosin, actin, kinesin

A mutation in the gene encoding for claudins, leads to the production of non-functional claudins. What is most likely the result of this mutation on epithelial tissue?

Listeria is an intracellular bacterium especially dangerous for pregnant women and their fetuses.  It can infect more ells by taking advantage of an actin cross-linking or bundling protein. to “rocket” out of one cell into a neighboring cell.  What protein does it use?

Someone shines a bright light in your face causing your eyes to flinch and pupils slightly dilate. What muscles cells are being worked here? 

Name all the cell-cell and cell-ECM junctions shown here 1-6.  (Intermediate filaments are blue and actin filaments are red).   [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]. word bank:  focal adhesion, adhesion belt, tight junction, gap junction, desmosome, hemidesmosome (use same spelling, no caps, no periods)  

Please choose the answer below that orders the size of filaments from the cytoskeleton from SMALLEST to LARGEST. 

__________ is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies attack desmosomes, which reduces cell-cell interactions to mechanical stress and causes blistering of the skin.  

At high concentrations of GTP you would expect to find _____ at the plus end of a microtubule and ______ at the minus end.