What protects mRNA from attack by cellular enzymes?   A) RNA splicing B) the removal of exons C) the lack of RNA-digesting enzymes in the cytoplasm D) a cap and tail

To make restriction fragments, a DNA sample is treated with ________.   A) DNA ligase B) restriction enzymes C) DNA polymerase D) lysozyme

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for RNA synthesis?   A) DNA polymerase B) ribosome C) reverse transcriptase D) RNA polymerase

The founder effect differs from a population bottleneck in that the founder effect ________.   A) requires a small population B) is a type of natural selection C) can occur only on an oceanic island colony D) involves the isolation of a small colony of individuals from a larger population

Transcription is the ________.   A) manufacture of a strand of RNA complementary to a strand of DNA B) manufacture of two new DNA double helices that are identical to an old DNA double helix C) modification of a strand of RNA prior to the manufacture of a protein D) manufacture of a protein based on information carried by RNA

The original source of genetic variation that serves as the raw material for natural selection is ________.   A) mutation B) gene flow C) geographic isolation D) random fertilization

What is the ultimate source of all diversity?   A) natural selection B) sexual recombination C) meiosis D) mutation

DNA replication ________.   A) is a slow process that results in virtually no errors B) requires DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase C) is a very fast process that results in numerous errors D) requires the cooperation of over a dozen enzymes and other proteins

How many nucleotides make up a codon?   A) two B) three C) four D) five

Of the following, which is the last step in the production of a recombinant DNA plasmid?   A) cloning B) using DNA ligase to join DNA fragments C) cutting the gene of interest into fragments D) allowing the reproduction of the bacterium bearing the recombinant plasmid