________ is a term that describes a tendency or preference toward a particular perspective or ideology.

The strength of the functional structure is that it focuses on results, because managers are responsible for what happens to their products and services.

In the beginning, all employees at Tom’s Welding performed whatever task was needed. Now the employees have gravitated to specific sets of tasks. Some use only stick welders; some weld only on aluminum. We can infer that as his business has grown, it has become more ________.

Granval manages a production facility in Aughmenistan for a multinational company headquartered in Paris. His Paris bosses emphasize the importance of operating his plant efficiently so as to conserve scarce resources. It is likely Granval’s employer is a ________.

Organizational structure is the formal chain of command of jobs within an organization.

Managers of high-performing companies tend to consider the interests of the most profitable stakeholder groups as they make decisions.

An organic organization is low in centralization.

In highly ________ organizations, there are explicit job descriptions, numerous organizational rules, and clearly defined procedures covering work processes.

Lakeesha is keen on joining Columbia University to pursue a master’s degree in economics. However, three months after applying and waiting for an acceptance letter, she finally decides to attend NYU, which was one of her backup colleges. This is an example of ________.

A procedure is ________.