There seems to be a correlation between schizophrenia and smoking cigarettes. It may be the case that neither causes the other. Perhaps a separate factor, such as socioeconomic status, accounts best for both schizophrenia and cigarette smoking. This illustrates a problem in assessing causality that is specific to correlational research and is called __________.

In obsessive-compulsive disorder, the obsessive thoughts ________, and the compulsive behaviors ________.

If a researcher created two groups by assigning the first 30 people to the experimental group and the last 30 to the control group, the process would violate the principle of:

Dr. Hauner has treated many clients for specific phobias like snakes, but has never encountered someone with a specific phobia of electric outlets. This is surprising to her, given the fact that there are no snakes in the area of the country where she works, but people regularly get hurt or killed from electric shocks. What is the explanation have theorists offered for her observations?

You want your dog to learn to lie down when you are about to give him a treat. If you first reinforce his behavior when he sits, then when he sits and stays, then when he lies down, you are using the technique called:

The pleasure principle is to the ________ as the reality principle is to the ________.

Binet’s original IQ formula would be least appropriate for representing the intelligence test performance of:

Paloma randomly assigns participants to two groups and compares the group that receives a treatment with the group that receives no treatment. The group that gets no treatment is the:

The suggestion that “a happy face creates a merry soul” is most consistent with the:

If the correlation between the body weight and reading ability of elementary school students is +.85, this would indicate that: